512 U. S&S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—-GENERAL REPORT, 
XL, 1855, 356,) with Pyrgisoma kienert, of Conspectus, 186, as type (Pyrgisoma is based upon 
Arremon biarcuatus, of Lafresnaye, figured in Voyage de la Venus, tab.-vi, and erroneously 
assigned to California.) The other species given as belonging to the genus are Pipilo rujipileus, 
(chlorurus) torquatus, rufescens, fuscus, and aberti. It is probable that the P. chlorurus would 
be our North American type of Kieneria. Iam not prepared to suggest a name for section B. 
Gray gives MJelozone (not IMeloxene) of Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. pl. Ixxix, 1850, as ante- 
dating Pyrgisoma of Pucheran, 1851. The name, however, is given in Conspectus Avium, 20 
July, 1850, although according to the title page, pl. 79 of Reichenbach was published June 
1, 1850. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Catal. Species. Locality. 4g = a 2 Be = rs) = = = Specimen 
No. x = = 4 a le Z\=z 3 e|\ = = | measured. 
n al a a a 15 ae 3 < 
2135 | Pipilo erythrophthalmus) Carlisle, Pa............ Gu ndOll Sarewre 3.£4 | 4,30 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 0,30 | 0.76 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 0.69 | Skin....... 
do. BSF 55) VSO Food| cere alata leatototele)| ietwre'otall sla cibesfell cmieceretell esietetsre| (steiaters jsttee: Presh cists 
8194 BARS. sere 3.08 | 3.70 | 1.07 | 1.01 | 0.30 | 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.56 | 0.62 | Skin....... 
do. Te ELS PSPS Iss coed Inn cugo| |Eodods | Gosdaq) soudos lonsvonl soodualleoooge Fresh«..s. 
BLGS!|| eic'eaie Os atele civie'elecisiersine s||/ve's clsia do MGOUN|csteeiee 3.45 | 4.14 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.30 | 0.72 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.68 | Skin....... 
OTA teed Ossicmccnieinclemiciaccllseaeos (RS Soe bende bon loscaos ee PGs SETH S6ecoq| Hoban! lecocdo masnea\seded. \ocedadl |osceod| IpSarcr Fresh ..... 
> 1944 Fort Union 2c. 0 :0.. .c0n ei) 0H aera) 3.39 | 3.99 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.66 | Skin....... 
5736 Republican Fork. ...... Gn | Bs 008 ee. 3.36 | 4.44 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.66 | Skin....... 
Osu leteteiercind Orisistacsisrecjarsiecnis || cieteisiele AO. vececciccrencen|ovese 8.25 | 10.25 |..cees|rcccerlecccesleoccer|sccverleceroelecceca| oes |eceoes Fresh oe... 
A845 Bon Hommeisland..... QO (A20) | eactercte 3.08 | 3.86 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 0.30 | 0.74 | 0.38 | 0.55 0 61 | Skin....... 
tod llatoauat race x caadooRdds decode Chand appddccosecellenqors Wieito}|/ LOLOD IH F3p20 0 areieieraelliveloieiet || sleieaiera| (cece clots] es canied| (ule a eietell sinieseisial|invefareiell Fresh ..... 
2867 Colorado river......... 3 StOON Ewe 3.32 | 4.04 | 1.10 | 1.02 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.37 | 0.56 | 0.70 | Skin....... 
3910 California ...+.seeee22-| Q | 7-52 |....., | 3.24 | 4.14] 1.05 | 1.06 | 0.36 | 0.86 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.68 | Skin....... 
10284 PorteTejOnsesec spe aels foe || ooo 3.39 | 4.24 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 0.38 | 0-90 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.68 | Skin....... 
6717 Orie DOXN <s\ererarsinrelsielelt fot 8.00 3.46 | 4.46 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 0.69 | Skin....... 
5559 Petaluma, Cal..........] fof SB PO08 ieee ae 3.86 | 4.90 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 0.30 | 0.79 | 0.40 | 0.62 | 0 67 | Skin...... . 
3710 Monterey...... 2-2. sce Q 7.84 3.42 | 4.38 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 0.32 | 0.80 | 0.44 | 0 56 0.63 | Skin. ...... 
6830 | Pipilo mesoleucus .....| Los Nogales, IMIOX’s <ieietelel| «larsteieis 8.60 |. 3.77 | 4 58 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0,32 | 0.64 | 0.66 | Skin e 
6245 | Pipilo chlorurus . . ...| Tejon valley, Cal...... 3S | 6.72 3.00 | 3.70 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.28 | 0.66 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.48 | Skin..... . 
1896 |...00- Osctiaicsyacisatetetstoni> Rocky mountains ...... od 6.80 «e--| 3.05 | 3.30 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.54 | Skin....... 
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS, Vieillot. 
Ground Robin; Towhee 5 Chewink. 
Fringilla erythrophthalma, Lann. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 318.—Aup. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 151: V, 511; pl. 29. 
Emberiza erythrophthalma, Gn. Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 874.—Wirson, Am. Orn. VI, 1812, 90; pl. liii. 
Pipillo erythrophthalmus, Vieiwt. Gal. Ois. I, 1824, 109 ; pl. Ixxx. 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Bon. List, 1838 —In. Conspectus, 1850, 487.—Aup. Syn. 1839, 124.—Is. Birds Amer. III, 
1841, 167; pl. 195. 
Pipilo ater, Vierti. Nouv. Dict. XXXIV, 1819, 292. 
Towhee Bird, Caressy, Car. I, 34. —Towhee Bunting, Laruam, Syn II, 1, 1783, 199.—Pennanrt, II, 1785, 359. 
Sp. Cu.—Upper parts generally, head and neck all round, and upper part of the breast, glossy black, abruptly defined against 
the pure white which extends to the anus, but is bounded on the sides and under the wings by light chestnut. Under coverts 
similar to sides, but paler. Edges of outer six primaries with white at the base and on the middle of the outer web; inner 
two tertiaries also edged externally with white. Tail feathers black ; outer web of the first, with the ends of the first to the 
third white, decreasing from the exterior one. Iris red. Length, 8.75; wing, 3.75 ; tail, 4.10. ’ 
Female with the black replaced by brown. 
Huab.—Eastern United States to the Missouri river. 
In this species the cutting edge of the mandible is slightly concave, and not sinuated. The 
wing is short and rounded ; the fourth quill longest ; the first about equal to the secondaries. 
