BIRDS—ICTERIDAE—-XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS, 531 
The female of A. tricolor is much grayer than phoeniceus, lacking the yellow and reddish brown 
margins to the feathers of the latter. The light margins beneath are gray, not white; besides, 
being narrower. There is no median stripe on the head; and the superciliary stripe is scarcely 
visible. There is none of the yellow about the head seen in phoeniceus; the throat is more 
streaked, and there is no light maxillary stripe cut off by an inferior one of black. 
The relationships of the female to that of A. gubernator are, however, very close; so much 
so that, in the absence of a sufficiently large series of well established specimens, I can only 
refer to the usually slenderer and longer bill and more even tail of ¢ricolor, to distinguish them. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. | Sex. Locality. When collected. Whence obtained. Orig. No.| Collected by— 
2601; «22525. Colorado river, Cal. ..-- Dec. —, 1854---.| Major Emory -.----..- 19 Dr; Kenneérly <<a 
2836 | @ | Santa Barbara, Cal_.--- | S. Fo Baird. i -22cs2.625|oosncece Thomas Nuttall (Type). 
5934 IPN Santa Clara, Cal------- Governor Stevens. <..-|2--=.-52 Drs Cooper=.=-seseee 
5936) OP | -..-- dee a2 See eesaene | ae eneene senaa|s-naece= (0s ese Set oence| Ss ccese |----=- dos 22-25 oa aan 
8595 | fot Sacramentoivalley -----|2osccss-coc-cene Lieut. Williamson ..._- etter Dr.. Heermann --.--.-- 
8596 | OM Beaace CO eee ee to ieee Wrenn ee ened eae eee soe dOsesnecas sees teeeaoste ue noes dos soi cseeceees 
8593) ease. Presidio, Callas 2 <== July 9, 1853...-| Lieut. Trowbridge ----- Tato jp ieee eA 
5532 | Q Petaluma Calee-s ease) see meee eons Bi SAMUC Stems saeae os | see cts | sere etal ae ete 
1 Length, 8.00; Extent, 13 inches. 
XANTHOCEPHALUS, Bonap. 
Xanthocephalus, Bonar. Conspectus, 1850, 431. Type Icterus icterocephalus, Bonap. 
Cu.—Bill conical, the length about twice the height ; the outlines nearly straight. Claws all very long ; much curved ; tho 
inner lateral the longest, reaching beyond the middle of the middle claw. Tail narrow, nearly even, the outer web scarcely 
widening to the end. Wings long, much longer than the tail ; the first quill longest. 
This genus differs from typical Agelaius in much longer and more curved claws, even tail, and 
first quill longest, instead of the longest being the second, third or fourth. The yellow head 
and black body are also strong marks. The measurements will be found in the table with 
Agelaius. 
XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS, Baird. 
Yellow-headed Blackbird. 
Icterus icterocephalus, Bonar. Am. Orn. I, 1825, 27 ; pl. iii—Nurr. Man. I, 1832, 176.—Is. 2d ed. 187. Not Oriolus 
tcterocephalus, Linn. 
Ageluius icterocephalus, Cananits, Mus. Hein. 1851, 188. 
Icterus (Xanthornus) xanthocephalus, Bonar. J. A. N. Sc. V, u, Feb. 1826, 222.—Is. Syn. 1828, 52. . 
Icterus xanthocephalus, Aup. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 6; pl. 388. 
Agelaius xanthocephalus, Swainson, F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 281.—Bon. List, 1838-—Avp. Syn. 1839, 140.—Is. Birds 
Amer. IV, 1842, 24: pl. 213—Newserry, Zool. Cal. and Or. Route; Rep. P.R. R. 
Surv. VI, rv. 1857, 86. 
Agelaius longipes, Swanson, Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 436. 
Psarocolius perspicillatus, ‘* Licut.’? Wac.er, Isis, 1829, vi, 753. 
Icterus perspicillatus, ‘* Licntr. in Mus.’? Wacter, as above. 
Xanthocephalus perspicillatus, Bonar. Consp. 1850, 431. 
Icterus frenatus, Licur. Isis, 1843, 59.—Reinnarpr, in Kroyer’s Tidskrift, [V.—Is. Vidensk. Meddel. for 1853, 
1854, 82. Greenland. 
Sp. Ca.—First quill nearly as long as the second and third, (longest,) decidedly longer than the third. Tail rounded, or 
slightly graduated. General color black, including the inner surface of wings and axillaries, base of lower mandible all round, 
feathers adjacent to nostrils, lores, upper eyelids, and remaining space around the eye. The head and neck all round ; the fore 
