BIRDS—CORVIDAE—GARRULINAE. 575 
Specimens vary considerably in size. Thus No. 8488, from Fort Massachusetts, marked 
female, is 11.50 inches long; the wing 6; the tail 4.80. The color, too, is of a more intense 
blue throughout. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. Sex. Locality. 'When collected. Whence obtained. Orig. Collected by-— | Length. 
No. | | No. | 
mn | | 
8488 | ©) Port: Mass) NoMoosoo- Mar; 28;,1856. | Dr; Petersico.osacace 5. | De ll eeeeeoe cake c ecec uae | 11.25: 
8466 |....| Mimbres to Rio Grande-|-.-..---------- AT Te Ue ee EUG Taye Vise age ee ee esl Chetis, ee er ece waren (etc Se | ot ees 
8468 |.---| 95 mls.W.Albuquerque-| Nov. 16, 18538 Lt; Whipple =---.<--- (ied Kenn. & Mollz---- 2 | coos 
4466 Be =2| WesiChutes, basin, OT os|coo co. sooo sean Lt; Williamsont.c2i-=--|---- 2. JirS. Newberry a< aetc=-= | 2 Se 
Sub-Family GARRULINAE. 
Cu.—Wings short, rounded ; not longer or much shorter than the tail, which is graduated, sometimes excessively so. Wings 
reaching not much beyond the lower tail coverts. Bristly feathers at base of bill variable. Bill nearly as long as the head, or 
shorter. Tarsi longer than the bill or than the middle toe. Outer lateral claws rather shorter than the inner. 
The preceding diagnosis may perhaps characterise the garruline birds, as compared with the 
crows. The sub-divisions of the group are as follows : 
A. Nostrits MODERATE, COMPLETELY COVERED BY INCUMBENT FEATHERS. 
a. Tail very long. 
Prica.—Tail excessively graduated ; nearly twice as long as the wings. First primary 
attenuated, faleate. Head without crest. 
b. Tail about as long as the wing, or a little longer. 
Cyanurus.—Head crested. Colors of wing and tail blue, banded with black. 
Cyanocitta.—Head without crest. Color above blue, with a grey patch on the back. 
Perisorevs.—Bill scarcely half the head, with white feathers over the nostrils, Plumage dull. 
XantTHouRA.—Head without crest. Colorabove greenish ; the head blue ; lateral tail feathers 
yellow. 
B. Nostrits VERY LARGE, NAKED, UNCOVERED BY FEATHERS. 
Pstnorninus.—Head smooth ; tail broad ; wings two-thirds as long as the tail. 
Catocirra.—Head with a recurved crest ; wings less than half as long as the tail. 
There is a very close relationship between the jays and the titmice, the chief apparent difference 
being scarcely anything else than in the size. The feathers at the base of the bill, however, in 
the jays are bristly throughout, with lateral branches reaching to the very tip. In Paridae 
these feathers are inclined to be broader, and the shaft projecting considerably beyond the basal 
portion, or the lateral branches confined to the basal portion, and extended forwards There is 
no naked line of separation between the scutellae on the outer side of the tarsi. The basal joint 
of the middle toe is united almost or quite to the end to the lateral, instead of half way. The 
first primary is usually less than half the second, instead of rather more ; the fourth and fifth 
primaries nearly equal and longest, instead of the fifth being longer than the fourth. 
