BIRDS—TANTALIDAE—IBIS RUBRA. 683 
back of the third. There is a considerable difference in the external form of the species, 
which has caused systematic writers to place them in different sub-genera as follows : 
Levcrpis, Reich.—In Ibis alba the bill has obsolete serrations along the middle portion, 
directed forwards. The forehead is naked to above the middle of the eye, the feathers coming 
forward at about a rectangle to this point, but there are rudiments of feathers half an inch 
beyond, or to a point a little anterior to the eye. The whole chin and upper part of the throat 
are bare for about an inch behind the lower mandible. The bill from the forehead is as long as 
the tarsus and toes. The tarsi are transversely scutellate for the anterior half; covered with 
hexagonal scales behind. The toes are stout; the claws thickened, blunt, and much curved. 
The outer lateral claw reaches a little beyond the base of the middle. The inner anterior 
surface of the middle claw is extended downwards into a sharp cutting edge, but is not pectinated. 
The primaries are considerably longer than the secondaries and tertials. 
The young bird has the head feathered almost as far forward as the commissure, leaving the 
region round and in front of the eye bare. 
Izts.—Jbis rubra has the bill without any serrations whatever. The feathers of the forehead 
come forward to a point anterior to the eye, and about three-tenths of an inch from the bill; the 
upper part of the throat is rather more bare than in J. alba. The Dill is rather shorter than 
the tarsus and middle toe. The toes and tarsus much as in J. alba, but the outer lateral claw 
does not reach to the base of the middle. The middle claw has its inner face extended into a 
cutting edge, with indistinct, perhaps accidental, notches, but no pectination. 
The primaries are considerably longer than the secondaries and tertials. 
Fatcrnetius, Bechst.—Jbis ordii has the bill quite slender at the base, and about as long 
as the tarsus and half the middle toe. It is entirely destitute of serrations. The head is 
feathered above to the base of both mandibles, leaving bare only the space betweea the horny 
rami of under jaw and the region in front of and a little around the eye. The outer claw 
reaches a little beyond the base of the middle, which has the inner face extended into a cutting 
edge, but with no pectination, as stated by Bonaparte, but only an occasional accidental 
notching. The claws are slender and almost perfectly straight. The primaries are scarcely, 
if at all, longer than secondaries and tertials. 
IBIS RUBRA, Vieillot. ° 
Red or Scarlet Ibis; Pink Curlew. 
Tantalus ruber, Linn. I, 1766, 241.—Gmexin, I, 1788, 651.—Lartu. Ind. II, 1790, 703.—Witson, Am. Orn. VIII, 
1814, 41; pl. Ixvi. 
Ibis rubra, Vieittot, Dict.—Wac.er, Syst. Av. 1827; Ibis, No. 4.—Nourratt, Man. II, 1834, 84.—Bon. List, 
1838.—Avp. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 62; pl. 397.—In. Syn. 257.—Is. Birds Amer. VI, 1845, 53; pl. 359. 
Eudocimus ruber, WacueEr, Isis, 1832, 1232, (type).—Bonar. Consp. 1855, 157.—Gunvt. Cab. Jour. IV, 1856, 348. 
2 Tantalus fuscus, Liyw. I, 1766, 242.—Gmeuin, I, 651. Young. 
? Tantalus minutus, Linn. Young. 
“* Ibis leucopygia, Spix, Av. Bras. tab. Ixxxviii. Young.” 
Sp. Cu.—Adult. Uniform and brilliant scarlet red; the tips of outer primaries black. Young. Ashy; darker above. 
Under parts and rump white. 
Length, 28 inches; wing, 10.90; tarsus, 3.50; bill above, 6.80. 
Hab.—South America and West Indies. Very rare or accidental in the United States. 
The occurrence of this Zbis as a North American bird is very problematical, the instances in 
which it has been observed being very rare. Mr. Audubon saw it but once, when a flock of 
three passed high over his head in Louisiana. 
