800 U. S. P R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
HARELDA, Leach. 
‘« Harelda, Leacu, 1816,’’ Gray. Type .4nas glacialis, L. 
Clangula, FLemine, Philos. Zool. 1822. Same type. 
Pagonetta, Kaur, Europ. Thierw. 1829. 
Cu.—Bill shorter than the head and tarsus, tapering laterally to the end; the nail very broad, occupying the entire tip. 
Lateral profile of lower edge of upper mandible straight to near the end, then rising suddenly to the prominent decurved nail. 
Nostrils large, in the posterior half of the bill, their centre about opposite the middle of the commissure. Tertials long, 
lanceolate, and straight. Tail pointed, of 14 feathers, _ feathers very long, equal to the wings. Bill with almost no 
posterior lateral upper angle ; the feathers of the sides advancing obliquely forwards. Feathers of chin reaching beyond the 
middle of the commissure, or almost to the anterior extremity of nostrils. Tail of 14 feathers. 
The genus Harelda, of Leach, is stated by Gray to have been established in 1816, probably 
in the ‘‘ Catalogue of British Museum.’’ If not published until 1824, in Shaw’s General 
Zoology, the name will be anticipated by Clangula of Fleming, 1822. 
The characters of the single species are as follows : 
Summer.—Blackish ; the belly and sides whitish. Scapulars and lower part of back with 
rufous edgings. A grayish patch on the side of head, passing behind into whitish. No white 
spots, nor speculum. Inside of wing, and‘axillars, dark brown. 
Winter.—Similar, but with the head, neck, and scapulars, whitish...................H. glacialis. 
HARELDA GLACIALIS, Leach. 
South Southerly; Old Wife; Long-tail. 
Anas glacialis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 203.—Forster, Phil. Trans. LXU, 1772, 418.—Gm_e ttn, I, 1788, 529.— 
Witson, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 93, 96; pl. lxx.—Sasine, Linn. Trans. VII, 555. 
Harelda glacialis, ‘‘ Leacu.’’—Sreruens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool. XII, 1824, 175.—Sw. F. B. Am. II, 1831, 460.—Bon. 
List, 1838.—Eyron, Mon. 1838, 162.—Branpr, Mem. Ac. St. Pet. VI, 1849, 8. 
Anas (Fuligula) glacialis, Bon. Obs. Wils. 1825, 275. 
Fuligula (Clangula) glacialis, Bon. Syn. 1828, 395. 
Fuligula (Harelda) glacialis, Nutt. Man. I, 1834, 453. 
Fuligula glacialis, Avo. Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 403 ; pl. 312.—Is. Syn. 1839, 295.—Is. Birds Amer. VI, 1843, 379 ; 
pl. 410. 
Crymonessa glacialis, Macei. Man. II, 186. 
Anas hyemalis, Linn. I, 1766, 202.—Forsr. Phil. Tr. LXII, 1772, 418.—Gmexiy, I, 529. 
“nas miclonia, Bopparrt. (Gray.) 
Anas leucocephalus, Becust. (Gray.) ® 
Anas brachyrhynchus, BesEKE. (Gray.) 
Long-tailed Duck, PENNANT. 
Sp. Cu.—Male in summer. Bill black, orange yellow towards the tip. Head, neck and breast, very dark blackish brown ; 
the head above, back, rump, and middle tail feathers, black. The whole side of the head from the bill and to behind the eyes 
and the sides of the body, pale bluish gray ; the portion of the cheek patch immediately around and behind the eye, with a 
longitudinal streak each side the occiput ; the under parts generally, and the more external tail feathers, white. Feathers 
on the fore part of the back, with the scapulars, broadly edged with light reddish brown ; under wing coverts and axillars, 
brownish chocolate. No white whatever on the wing. 
Male in winter. Differs from summer dress in having the head and neck white to the jugulum and interscapular region. The 
gray of the cheeks persistent, and a broad patch of black on the sides of the neck behind this. The scapulars are pale pearl 
gray. 
Female. Lacks the long points to the tail and scapulars. The head and neck dusky, with a whitish patch around the eye 
and on the sides of the neck behind. 
Length, 20.75; wing, 8.90; tail, 8.00 ; tarsus, 1.38 ; commissure, 1.62. 
Hab.—Along both coasts of North America. Europe. 
