SALMON OF NOVA SCOTIA—GILPIN. 43 
were so arched, that it was impossible for them to close in the 
centre, and the teeth were much larger and with wider bases 
than usual. Mr. Stayner also gave me on March 14th, 1866, the 
head of a male much like the last, but with the appearance of a 
large ulcer upon the pre-opercle, as if the increased growth was 
now dropping off. From these facts we gather that our Salmon, 
at least some of them, enter the rivers in early spring, remain 
there, and as early as the middle of August, commence those 
changes in colour, and in the male of the jaws, which culminate 
in November. During November, the spawning season takes 
place. 
Mr. A. B. Wilmot, Bedford, allows me personally to state these 
facts from him. That he has retained Salmon all winter in ponds 
of fresh water. That the jaws of the male commence their 
changes in September and finish in November, and after that 
seeming only to shrink till dismissed in spring. That he has 
never seen the immense jaws I have figured from a portrait taken 
from Shubenacadie. That he has seen the upper jaws entirely 
perforated by a large hole made by a knob from the lower, but 
has never known the lower jaw to drop off before the upper, as 
some have asserted. That they take no food during winter, and 
that he has known Salmon retaining the bright and silver scale 
all winter, in the midst of others entirely blackish and reddish, 
but this formed rather the exception than the rule. He thinks 
the body of Salmon in Nova Scotia winter in the lakes, the Parrs 
which he has dpened having melts developed and not ovas, leads 
him to suppose the male parr matures sooner than the fémale. 
This corroborates Mr. Anderson’s letter, and also agrees with the 
English Salmon. The Parrs run to sea late in the fall as well as 
in the spring. In the manipulations of fish, he finds those taken 
in November, and from the sea, much easier to manage, from the 
absence of nacre or slime which soon covers those in fresh water. 
It is necessary for the preservation of ‘the eggs that they 
be deposited on a gravelly bottom of a running brook. In the 
Province these spawning’grounds occur often within three or 
four miles of the tide, and at an elevation of scarce sixty feet. 
My friend, W. C. Silver, Esq., allows me to say he has frequently 
