4 SALMON OF NOVA SCOTIA—GILPIN. 
seen them spawning in Salmon River, three or four miles from 
tide, and about five miles from Halifax. Here the male, con- 
spicuous by his hooked jaw, and the female with the spawn 
streaming from her, were seen furrowing up the gravel in water 
so shallow that their tails flapped out of water. Charles Ander- 
son, Esq., Magistrate, informs ime he has seen the same at the 
Musquodoboit River, and that the male makes furious rushes at 
other males approaching him, and that he is often surrounded by 
young males, scarcely seven inches long, but with hooked bills 
like the adults. This is corroborated by melt being found in 
Smolts before going to the sea, and also by the accounts of Sal- 
mon in English waters. Mr. John Duncan, Ingraham River, St. 
Margaret’s Bay, told me he once saw Snake Lake filled by hun- 
dreds of spawning fish. This lake is one of the sources of In- 
grahain River, and can be but only a few miles from, or a few 
feet elevation above tide. Mr. James V. Buskirk saw during 
November, at least seventy Salmon spawning in pairs, in a shal- 
low gravelly ran from the Shubenacadie lakes, their tails lashed 
the surface, the stream was turbid by the white melt of the male 
which he emitted from above the female and shed upon the ova. 
Both sexes covered the ova with gravel, and attending trout 
were eating what the stream washed away. His dog rushed into 
he water, when they all disappeared, but returned immediately. 
This was about 14 miles from, and two hundred feet elevation 
above tide. 
The spawn now shed and impregnated by the males, must 
soon be ice-covered, and remains till about the last of April, 
when the young fish escapes, but with a placenta attached to its 
body. From Mr. A. B. Wilmot’s excellent report, we learn the 
various stages of artificial hatching. The black dot, the signs of 
life in the embryo, the escape from the egg,’ and the final dis- 
charge of the young fish to its native waters. I have already 
said that in March, (rarely in January and February,) the Salmon 
commence to run from the ocean up our rivers, and that this run 
continues till July, when the markets are closed. In Mr. John 
Mowat’s report (Government Report, 1877) we find him taking 
Salmon for hatching purposes in the Metapedia, 24th August ; 
