BONES OF LOPHIUS PISCATORIUS — MORROW. 343 
18. The maxillaries have upon their superior extremities some- 
what lengthy depressed processes for their attachment to the 
intermaxillaries,so that their superior surfaces lie beneath the 
inferior surfaces of the processes of the intermaxillaries, and they 
also articulate with the vomer. That they may form their con- 
nection with the articularies they are twisted at one-third of 
their length from the extremities of the processes already men- 
tioned, so that their inferior are nearly at right-angles to their 
superior terminations. These bones gradually increase in breadth 
from their superior until a short distance from their inferior ex- 
tremities, when they taper to a point. 
19. The Lophius has no suborbital ring. 
20. The turbinal bones (nasal—Owen) are strong and firm, 
having the same structure as the premaxillaries; their anterior 
extremities articulating with the posterior superior extremities 
of the premaxillaries ; at this point in the living fish they are 
capable of considerable lateral motion, and they are attached to 
the premaxillaries by flat terminations in a line perpendicular to 
the axis of the fish; at about one-third of their length from their 
anterior extremities they each assume an irregular triangular 
form, and gradually taper to a point; at their centres they are 
sustained by the prefrontals, and between them lies the peculiar 
spine which supports the first and second rays of the first dor- 
sal fin. 
22. The palatine bones articulate between the maxillaries and 
the prefrontals, close to the toothed arms of the vomer, and on 
these bones the teeth, of which there are four to six long, and 
about six short (these latter generally increasing in size as 
they tend towards their inferior extremities), lie nearly in a line 
with those on the vomer. On the superior extremity of these 
bones are two of the so-called spines, which, as they rise above 
the maxillaries, are generally enumerated in descriptions of the 
outside of the fish. The inferior extremities of these bones are 
attached to the inferior edges of the pterygoids. 
23. The hyomandibulars have very broad double surfaces for 
their articulation with their bases, and ave very much enlarged 
at their upper posterior edges. An examination of these bones 
