TEREDO NAVALIS IN NOVA SCOTIA — MURPHY. 371 
At Nieuwendam in March, 1859, three pieces each of oak, 
pine, and red fir, all creosoted at Amsterdam, were exposed in 
the sea. They were examined in September of the same year. 
They had been fastened together by cross pieces of unprepared 
wood ; it was found that the teredo had penetrated, at the junc- 
ture of these cross pieces, even into the creosoted wood, and that 
sometimes he stopped immediately beneath the surface; at 
others he penetrated to a depth of several millimetres; in the 
oak, he worked his way into the interior through those parts of 
the surface which were not in contact with the unprepared wood, 
Experiments with creosote oil were recommended in July, 
1860, with ten pieces each of oak and red fir, following the plan 
indicated in paragraph 5; the localities chosen were Kieuwe- 
Diep and Stavoren ; in the latter place the pieces which remained 
intact the previous year were again placed in the water after 
their surface had been removed by the adze. Still later in 
August, 1861, a further trial was made at these same places, 
with pieces of pine, beech and poplar, sent to the Commission by 
Mr. Boulton, and prepared at his works in London. All these 
pieces were examined toward autumn in 1862, 1863 and 1864; 
while the unprepared pieces, placed near the others as counter- 
proof, were found each year filled with teredos, one could not 
discover any traces of the teredo in the creosoted pieces except 
in the oak creosoted at Amsterdam; in cutting these it was 
found that the creosote had penetrated them very imperfectly. 
A third examination in 1864, showed that all the pieces prepared 
by Mr. Boulton, and which had been exposed in the sea since 
August, 1861, were entirely intact ; the most careful examination 
could not show the slightest trace of the worm, even in the pieces 
withdrawn from the water in 1862 and 1863, and each time 
scraped to a depth of several millimetres and again placed in the 
water. They resisted the attacks of the teredo perfectly. 
Conclusions. By way of recapitulation, the result of the ex- 
periments, tried by the Commission during six consecutive years, 
were as follows: 
1. The different coatings applied to the surface of wood, with 
the design of covering it with an envelope on which the young 
