TEREDO NAVALIS IN NOVA SCOTIA —- MURPHY. 373 
ducted by himself in the port of Sables d’Olorine, in the following 
words : 
“ These results fully confirm those established at Ostend, and 
it seems to us difficult to refuse to admit that the experiments at 
Ostend and Sables d’Olonne are decisive, and prove in an incon- 
testable manner that the teredo will not attack wood properly 
creosoted.” 
“Under date of Haarlem, April 20, 1878, Prof. Von Baum- 
haur, writes to Edward R Andrews, of Boston: ‘I have 
deferred answering your favor of the 22nd of February, until I 
had corresponded with the chief engineers of the Waterstaat as 
to the results obtained in their experience in the use of creosoted 
timber in all our marine works, in large quantities, and during 
some tens of years. They all unanimously agree that the teredo 
will not penetrate timber thoroughly impregnated with creosote ; 
but that, to obtain the best results, the work must be thorough, 
as they had observed that the teredo had destroyed piles only 
superficially infected.’ 
“Fir, if the sap be first withdrawn in a vacum and then treat- 
ed with hot oils under a heavy pressure, can be most thoroughly 
ereosoted; but oak is more difficult. Still, I have often seen 
heavy oak piles where the creosote had entered into the very 
heart.” 3 
In a paper read by Mr. Burt, before the Institute of Civil 
Engineers, London, upon the nature and properties of timber, 
with a description of the methods then in use for its preservation, 
after reviewing John Howard Ryan’s, Sir William Burnett’s, 
and Payne’s process, then in use, he proceeds to say : 
“One hundred parts of coal tar contain, when submitted to 
distillation, 65 parts of pitch, 20 of essential oil (creosote), 10 of 
naptba, and 5 of ammonia. The oil produced from this distilla- 
tion is the creosote of commerce, now so extensively used for 
preparing timber. The preservative properties of this material 
appear to be threefold. 
First. It prevents the absorption of moisture in any form, or 
under any change of temperature. 
“Secondly. It is noxious to animal and vegetable life ; there- 
