28 STATISTICS OF EXPENDITURE AND 
It would be interesting to compare the consumption of the 
different provinces; but there are no statistics available for such 
acomparison. Mr. Johnson, in his Graphic Statistics of Canada 
(1886) has shewn the relative provincial consumption of wine and 
beer, and spirits and tobacco, in a graphic form; and from his 
representation we learn that on the average of 19 years to 1886, 
each inhabitant of Ontario drank 1.11 gals. of spirits, 0.4 gals. of 
wine, and 3.2 gals. of beer, and smoked 1.8 lbs. of tobaeeo; and 
so on for the other provinces as in the accompanying table :— 
Per Capita CONSUMPTION ACCORDING To PROVINCES. 
Prov. Spirits (gal.) Beer (gal.) Wine (gal ) Tobacco (lbs.) 
Ontariomeeeeeeee | Leva ney | A 4 | 1.8 
MNebee2 jasn eee 1.68 1.9 0,28 2.4 
New Brunswick... 089 0.66 008 2a 
Nova Scotia .... 0.93 0.7 0 07 7 
Pe Bedslandses.,- 0.52 0.46 0.03 1.4 
Manitoha..... oh 068 | a 0.06 26 
Brit Columbia 1.45 | Sil 0.62 3.0 
| { 
In all probability this proportion holds in 1898 as in — 
and Mr, Johnson’s conclusions are still true :— 
“Ontario drinks nearly three times more beer than spirits ; 
Quebec, nearly as much spirits as beer; New Brunswick, more 
spirits than beer; Nova Scotia, more beer than spirits; Prince 
Kdward Island, more spirits than beer ; and Manitoba and British 
Columbia, more beer than spirits,” p. 36. To which we might 
add that, according to this shewing, Prince Edward Island and 
New Brunswick are the most temperate of the provinces.* 
*The consumption of spirits in the Maritime Provinces and in Quebec is probably 
‘greatly underestimated. The figures above shew only the consumption on which duty 
was paid; but there has always been a large amount smuggled into these provinces 
from St. Pierre which exists practically as an entrepot for smuggling. Probably 15/16ths 
of the imports of the island are smuggled into Canada and Newfoundland. In 1885 the 
amount intended to be smnggled exceeded that proportion. It is said that half the 
spirits and tobacco consumed in Quebec pays no duty. Since 1890 the import trade of 
St. Pierre has fallen 50 per cent. in consequence of the increased activity of the Cana- 
dian revenue cruisers preventing the usual exports. 
