IV.—ON FINDING THE IONIZATION OF COMPLEX SOLUTIONS OF 
GIVEN CONCENTRATION, AND THE CONVERSE PROBLEM: By 
Pror. J. G. MacGrecor, Dalhousie College, Halifax, N.S. 
(Received September 30th, 1899.) s 
In a paper communicated to this Institute in 1895} I 
described a method of determining the ionization coefficients of 
two electrolytes, with one ion in common, in the same dilute 
aqueous solution. The method described was developed in the 
study of complex solutions which had been formed by the 
mixture of simple solutions of known concentration, and involves 
a knowledge of their concentrations. Even if the complex solu- 
tions have not been formed in this way, but have been prepared, 
say, by the addition of known quantities of the electrolytes to a 
known quantity of water, they may always be imagined to have 
been formed by mixture of simple solutions; and in the usual 
case in which the solutions are so dilute that no change of 
volume would have occurred in forming them by mixture, the 
concentrations of the simple solutions by the mixing of which 
the given complex solution might be “formed, can readily be 
determined. But asimple modification of the method renders 
it applicable in such cases directly; and when so modified, its 
application is found both to require fewer data with respect to 
the conductivity of simple solutions of the electrolytes involved, 
and to be subject to fewer sources of error, than in its old form. 
As modified also, it is found to be readily applicable conversely 
to the determination of the concentration which such complex 
so.utions must have in order that they may have any given 
possible state of ionization. 
In the present paper, I wish to describe this modified form 
of the method, and to point out how it may be used in deter- 
1Trans. N.S. Inst. Sci., 9, 101, 1895-96: See also Phil. Mag. (5), 41, 276, 1896, and Trans. 
Roy. Soc. Can., (2), 2, sec. 3, 65, 1896-7. 
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