74 IONIZATION OF COMPLEX 
the concentrations with respect to the two electrolytes: to find 
the concentrations—As before, OY (Fig. 3) is given. From Y 
draw Y T parallel to the dilution axis, making it of such length 
that T Y/U Y is equal to the given ratio of the concentrations 
N,/N,. Bisect XT im-W. Then 
WY 
N, also may therefore be found. 
(3.) Given the required state of ionization and the total 
concentration (N, + N,) or the ditference of the concentrations 
(N, — N,): to find N, and N,.—The state of ionization being 
given, not only are a, and a, known, but also the total ionie 
concentration, a, N, + a, N,, which is equal to the regional 
ionic concentration common to the two electrolytes. N, and N, 
may therefore be determined. 
(4.) Given the required state of ionization in a solution which 
is to have a given conductivity: to find the concentrations N, 
and N,.—As in (3), a,,a,, anda, N, + a, N, are known. The 
conductivity is expressed by the equation : 
[aN a eemer Acar NGO 
the u,,’s being the equivalent conductivities, at infinite dilution, 
of simple solutions of 1 and 2, and being thus known. N, and 
N, may therefore be determined. 
Other methods of determining the ionization for complex 
solutions. 
(1.) Schrader? has attempted to determine the ionization 
coefficients for solutions containing two electrolytes with a com- 
mon ion, by a combination of observations of their conductivity 
and their electrolysis. The expression of the dissociation theory 
for the conductivity of such a solution may be put into the 
form : 
N ' v 
i a, ING lis cle as _2 mesey \ a Nae 1 2G Hoo 
¥ 2 Nee x iy a, Neg 
1Zur Elektrolyse von Gemischen, Inaug. Diss., Berlin, 1897. 
