76 IONIZATION OF COMPLEX 
electrolysis’, lowering of the freezing point’, specific gravity and 
other physical*® properties, of complex solutions, in all cases 
in which the attempt has heen made, except in the case of 
Schrader’s solutions containing copper sulphate and sulphuric 
acid, in which there can be little doubt that the acid sulphate 
had formed. In the case. of Schrader’s solutions of potassium 
iodide and chloride, his observations of conductivity and his 
electrolytic observations have been shown to be consistent with 
cealculability though they are not sufficiently precise to demon- 
strate it. We may thus fairly test Schrader’s electrolytically 
determined ionization coefficients by comparing them with those 
obtained by the above method. 
I have accordingly determined the coefficients for the four 
solutions examined by him, and they are given in the following 
table. In determining them I have used Kohlrausch’s observa- 
tions of the conductivity of simple solutions, and as the equiva- 
lent conductivities at infinite dilution, not Kohlrausch’s most 
recent determinations, but those employed by Schrader. As 
Schrader does not state at what temperature he made his 
observations, he may be supposed to have made them at ordi- 
nary laboratory temperature, which is not far removed from 
Kohlrausch’s temperature, 18° C. 
Concentration IONIZATION COEFFICIENTS. 
(gr.-eq. per litre) rN 
Ns AV SELES 0) 6 Oa 
SCHRADER’S. MINE Difference per cent. 
|! _—- | -- —_ - —__—__} —____-- 
Kok. K Cl. Renst | RSC: Kel K Cl. KI. K Cl. 
Ee ee —e—————E_eeeee 
.02595 | .02571 2857 .868 915 .S97 -—6.3 —3.2 
.03442 | .04748 .866 .892 .886 .866 —2.3 +3.0 
3074 | .o8176 | .se1 | .857 | .s79 | 960 | -20 | -o3 | 
.01992 | .03720 .819 .901 .907 .890 —9.7 +1.2 | 
1MacGregor: Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., (2). 4, sec. 3, 117, 1898-99. 
2 Archibald: Trans. N.S. Inst. Sei , 10, 33, 1898-99. 
8’ MacGregor: Ibid. 9, 219, 1896-97. 
Archibald: Ibid., 9, 335, 1897-98. 
Barnes: loc. et. 
