224 ON A DIAGRAM OF FREEZING-POINT 
* a | Reece 4 
paLNelent | Conization | Equivalent || Q7tavatent | Coeicent | Havivalent 
per litre. | at 0° C. | Depression. per litre. ato °C. | Depression. 
| iT 
| me 3 ea oe i 
H3 PO, (Loomis.) H3 PO, (Jones). 
— —— ee | — a 
03 =| «614i. D. 0.94 003279 | 881i. D.| 1.1894 
06 | play) CU 0.893 009843 nT Nee 1.1515 
| 019605 669 ** 1.0967 
027705 Age 1.0720 
| .03279 | 2002) == 1.0522 
( 
The curves of the diagram are so labelled with the initial 
letters of observers’ names, (Ab for Abegg), as to show both the 
depression observations, on which they are based, and the ioni- 
ization coefficients used in plotting them. Thus the inscription 
KCl (J—W), means that Jones’ depressions and Whetham’s 
coeflicients were used; H,SO, (J L B—B), that the curve is a mean 
curve based, mainly at least, on depression observations by Jones, 
Loomis, and Barnes, and plotted with Barnes’ coetficients. The 
limits of concentration for the curves, are indicated also, in 
gramme-equivalents per litre. 
Some of the curves are entered on an inset, drawn on four 
times the scale of the main diagram. 
In interpreting the curves, we must not only bear in mind 
what has been said above about the probable accuracy of the 
ionization coefficients, but must in addition note the tendency 
exhibited by the curves of the various observers, as dilution 
increases, to run off at great dilution in directions characteristic 
of the observers, to the left or right relatively to the course pur- 
sued by them at moderate dilution. Thus Abegg’s curves (see 
NaCl, KCl, K,SO,), and Jones’s (see NaCl, KC], NH,Cl, HCl) 
run off to the right. So do Arrhenius’s in a marked manner. 
Raoult’s tendency is also to the right, (see NaCl; his K,SO,, not 
plotted, shows it also; his most dilute KCl observation, he him- 
self clearly regards as accidentally out.) On the other hand, 
Loomis’s curves (see HCl, KNO;, NH,Cl, BaCl,) go to the left. 
