IN NOVA SCOTIA—FLETCHER. 239 
Carboniferous of England. (2) The Riversdale and Harrington 
River series are assuredly newer than the Horton and have a 
most pronounced Upper Carboniterous facies. (3) The plant- 
bearing beds near St. John, N. B. are not Middle Devonian but 
Carboniferous and are the exact equivalents of the Riversdale 
series. 
Dr. Whiteaves adds: “Our knowledge of the organic 
remains of the Devonian of Nova Scotia is still in its infancy, 
and it would seem that the plant-bearing beds near St. John, 
N. B., which have so long been regarded as Devonian, may 
possibly be Carboniferous.” 
Admitting apparently that “a classification by faunas alone 
is one-sided and that the physical history of the strata should also 
be considered,” Dr. Ami, in 1899, set aside the authority of the 
palzeontologists mentioned above and accepted the order of super- 
position® given by “the two geologists on the Canadian Survey 
staff, who have studied the question from a stratigraphical and 
lithological point of view,” but, as a sort of compromise, for their 
name Devonian he substituted “ Ko-Carboniferous,” just as he had 
previously employed the word “ Eo-Devonian ” for the so-called 
Lower Oriskany of Nictaux. This stratigraphical sequence has 
indeed been admitted by all geologists who have examined it in 
the field. Richard Brown, Campbell, Gesner, Lyell, Honeyman, 
Logan, Poole, Ells, Fletcher, Selwyn and others in Nova Scotia ; 
Gesner, Hartt, Matthew, Bailey and Ells in New Brunswick ; 
Murray in Newfoundland; Ells and Whiteaves in Gaspé—all 
place these rocks beneath the Carboniferous Limestone, near 
the debatable line between Carboniferous and Devonian, in 
many indisputable sections where no thrust-faults, outliers, 
overturned fossil trees or other agency of theoretical biologists 
are available to make part Devonian, part Coal Measures. 
It becomes, then, a question of the transference across this 
line not of a few feet of strata but of a system of 10,000 to 
15,000 feet of beds cut off from a marine formation both above 
* Ottawa Naturalist, Vol. XIII, No. 9, p. 207. 
