IN KINGS COUNTY, N. S.—HAYCOCK. 297 
ing in thenris insignificant. The cross trenches in this particular 
locality are, however, small as compared with those that cross 
the mountain at intervals of a few miles throughout its length, 
some of which are scarcely above sea level, others as Digby Gut 
and Petite Passage 150 to 200 feet below. 
These deep gorges are probably Pre-glacial, as well, since 
they are partly filled with boulder clay and usually, if not 
always, set opposite to corresponding depressions in the older 
hills on the opposite side of the valley. The ice of the Glacial] 
epoch flowed over ridge and through hollow alike, and beyond 
sweeping away the decayed and shattered layer down to the 
undecomposed rock seems to have had little effect in transform- 
ing the general topography of the country. These gorges then 
are doubtless Pre-glacial, but how much older? Though much 
larger they are of the same character as the smaller hollows 
filled with the sedimentary limestone, and are probably of the 
same, or Mesozoic age. Although direct evidence of this has 
not yet been obtained it may exist, only awaiting the coming of 
a careful observer. 
The most significant features of these greater gorges is their 
positions, just mentioned, nearly opposite to corresponding river 
gorges on the south-east side of the valley. Almost every deep 
gorge in the North Mountain has its corresponding river valley 
in the higher ground of the South Mountain opposite. The 
depressions reaching the Bay of Fundy coast at Parker’s Cove, 
Digby Gut, Sandy Cove, opposite the Lequille, Bear, and Wey- 
mouth rivers are striking examples. <A possible if not the only 
plausible explanation of this fact, taken in connection with the 
evidence of the great age of these depressions, is that they are 
respectively the old outlets of Mesozoic rivers that flowed north- 
westwardly across the sandstone and its overlying trap sheet, 
draining a country more extensive than the present Nova Scotia, 
because of its greater elevation, and with their greater volume 
wearing broad channels through the red sandstone but abrupt 
and precipitous trenches in the trap. The effect would be the 
same in the basins of the smaller streams such as those now 
