504 EARLY INTERVALE FLORA 
often have been exterminated; but, in addition to this, the con- 
ditions prevailing in the more hilly districts seem to favor their 
growth. Indeed, the more probable presence of a shaded hillside 
beside the stream would go far in itself to explain this. 
These species have been chosen as both eminently typical 
and likely to have been noticed. With them would almost 
everywhere be found the Spring Beauty (Claytonia Caroliniana, 
Michx.), but its distribution is very much wider, as it is found 
in rich woods even on the summits of some of our highest hills. 
Just outside the limits of shade will nearly always be found 
the Downy Yellow Violet, Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.), Schwein, 
which is widely reported throughout the district from Cumber- 
land to Cape Breton. V. rotundifolia, Michx.,is said to occur 
in several localities, all such, however, that the preceding species 
would be expected, and to it these references probably belong. 
V. Labradorica, Schrank, and V. arenaria, D. C., are likely 
found throughout the district, the latter on drier sandy soil, and 
apparently the commoner in Pictou Co. 
Uvularva sessilifolia, L. has been noticed by a much smaller 
number of observers, but it is widely distributed, and probably 
on the whole nearly as common as the others. 
To complete this list, so far as the common earlier flowers 
are concerned, there should be added Ranunculus abortivus, L., 
Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd, and Dentaria diphylla, Michx., though 
none of these is strictly restricted to such localities. Prof. 
Macoun, (Catalogue, Part III, p. 480), states that his N. S. speci- 
mens of &. abortivus belong to Var. Micranthus, as then 
understood. Careful study of plants gathered at various points 
along West River, Pictou, where they are abundant, leaves no 
doubt that they at least should be referred to &. abortivus. 
Panaz trifolium, L. is less often reported, and is certainly 
not found in some localities where all of the preceding are com- 
mon, but its distribution is probably pretty general. 
Interesting and beautiful, but rare, is Hepatica Hepatica 
(L.), Karst, not certainly known except from the East River of 
