PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. lv 
observation to complete a grand theory, providing we have brought the 
same energy and ingenuity to bear on our problems. 
The discovery of grand principles—of great truths—is now more 
than ever before a composite work contributed to by many knowledge 
makers. The South American Indian who first by accident discovered 
the anti-malarial effect of the extract of Peruvian Bark, discovered a 
great fact without any special preparation and possibly without the aid 
of any previous more or less partial observer. But still, for over three 
centuries the Hemameba vivax and Hemameha mafarie, living jelly 
specks so infinite that a blood corpuscle is a meadow for them, got 
through the human skin (more than a Chinese wall for them), and into 
the blood stream, and from thence into the blood discs themselves, which 
they finally destroyed. 
It was not until twenty years ago that Laveran discovered their 
presence in the life fluid, but how impossible would it have been for him 
to have discovered such organisms until the microscope had been improved 
to a high degree of excellence and microscopic methods had been 
discovered by other workers. Yet no one could show how the minutely 
microscopic animal more destructive to the human race than all the 
historical beasts of prey, found its way into the blood. Multitudes of 
observers finally seemed to relegate the home of the organism to the 
mala:ial swamps, but it could not be found in the swamps. These 
observers, however, made a very important contribution to the general 
stock of knowledge, for as the mosquitoes pass their larval stage in water, 
suspicion was finally extended to them. Yet people were taking great 
care to protect themselves from the malarial air which poisoned no one, 
while infected mosquitoes were allowed to inoculate them unsuspectingly 
on the adjacent dry lands. Danilewsky, Golgi, Antolisei, Grassi, 
Bignami, Bastianelli, Labbe, Mannaberg, Manson, Nuttall, Metchnikoff, 
Daniels, McCallum, and others, and finally Ronald Ross, worked on the 
humble mosquito until 1899 before the problem was solved. 
Other specimens of Hemamceba were found in the common mosquito 
and in other animals who were inoculated by the mosquito, and who in 
turn could infect sound mosquitos. Finally species of a genus of 
mosquitos, Anopheles, were found infected with the malaria Hemameba 
in a most unexpected form. Sound Anopheles were found to be infected 
by feeding upon the malarial patient, and infected ones communicated 
malarial fever to those whom they were allowed to bite. For about 
