300 THE STRUCTURE AND SUCCESSION AT 



The total thickness of shale here amounts, then, to thirty- 

 six feet. This " Ingraham seam " is not to be confused with 

 the '" Ingraham mine ", to be mentioned later, 



A new occurrence of coal has recently been reported. Mr. 

 John Redmond, Upper ISTorth Sydney, while boring for a well 

 on his farm, struck what is reported to be a two-foot seam. 

 The land is under lease by Rev. Father MacPherson, of Little 

 Bras D'Or. His brother informs me that the new discovery 

 consisted of two feet of good coal, which with shale, clay, etc., 

 makes a belt of six feet. ISTo openings have been made, so that 

 no information can be given at first-hand. If the occurrence is 

 real, it is noteworthy as showing coal at a greater distance 

 below the Coal Measures than has heretofore been recorded in 

 this part of the Sydney basin. 



Fossils. — Vegetable remains occur at many horizons, the 

 most abundant being Calamites. Xone have been found erect. 

 Indistinct remains of Sigillaria are also numerous. In a few 

 places may be seen a net- work of leaves, sticks, etc., irregularly 

 washed together; but none distinct enouii'h to show structure. 

 Impressions of large stems more than a foot in diameter occur, 

 but so nearly obliterated as to leave only a coating of rust, 

 without any detail of the original form. 



Variation in dip. — Throughout this formation the dip 

 changes considerably. At Limestone creek it is about 40° IST. ; 

 but eastward along the shore it becomes less, the average for 

 three miles being about 12°, and turns eastward. In the 

 vicinity of JSTorth Sydney and from there to Craiiberry Llead 

 the dip is northeast, becoming constantly less until in the Coal 

 Measures it is only 6°. 



Back from the shore there are few exposures, most of those 

 found being in railway cuts. As the^e are not far from the 

 water, their dips are the same as in corresponding cliff ex- 

 posures. On Fletcher's map an outcrop is recorded as being 



