NORTH SYDNEY AND SYDNEY MINES, C. B. DE^VOLFE. 315 



probability of vertical oscillation rather than flooding as a 

 source of the sand. Much of the material bears evidence of 

 deposition in shore coves where current eddies would give 

 more irregular bedding than would be possible on a straight 

 shore. 



Lloyd's cove making in directly over the measures just 

 described, cuts oti" observation of the next 200 feet of strata. 

 Crossing the cove, however, the section becomes continuous, 

 remaining so to Cranberry Head — the end of the land surface 

 of this district. Lloyd's Cove seam itself is cut ofl' from view 

 by detritus from the old workings. It is six feet thick, but is 

 cut into three parts by two thin layers of clay. There are two 

 slopes working at present on it, while it is cut at a depth of 

 eighty feet in the " Princess " pit. 



The next coal' seam is separated from Lloyd's Cove seam by 

 eighteen feet of shale. It contains only five inches of coal, 

 divided into two bands by eight inches of soft shale. From 

 here to Cranberry Head the strata consist largely of shale, with 

 a few bands of sandstone and marl. The total thickness from 

 Lloyd's Cove seam to the Head is about 300 feet. At the head- 

 land, two coal beds occur, with fifteen feet of shale and fireclay 

 between them. The upper seam is three and a half feet thick ; 

 the lower, one foot. Under the lower seam are one foot of fine 

 clay and two feet of fireclay with Stigmaria rootlets, the whole 

 resting upon gritty shale. The fine shale overlying the upper 

 seam is extremely rich in fossils and leaves of ferns and Cor- 

 daites, etc. No other rocks in the whole region except the roof 

 of the Main seam can equal it in its fossils. Some of the plants 

 found here are Sphenophyllum schlotheimii, Pecopteris arbo- 

 rescens, Odontopteris, Sphenopteris gravenhorstii, Pecopteris. 

 Many Cordaites leaves here measure three inches across. 

 About ten feet of strata still overlie the upper seam, before the 

 top of the Head is reached. When the land wears back thirty 

 feet more, however, not a trace of this coal outcrop will remain 

 above water. 



