138 SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY—HONEYMAN. 
With its picturesque environs, Antigonish is decidedly beautiful. 
In Cumberland, Colchester, Hants and Kings Counties there are 
extensive formations which have their beginning in the cham- 
plain, extend through the early Recent and are now in progress. 
Of these are the Grand Pre, the marshes and dyke land of 
Amherst, the intervals of the Shubenacadie and the Stewiacke 
Rivers, and all the creeks of the various counties where the 
muddy tides of the Bay of Fundy force admission. 
The deposits in the rivers and creeks, is the well known “ marsh 
mud,” which is fully appreciated by the agriculturists. The 
mode of deposition, the stratification, well shewn in cuttings, the 
rain prints, sun cracks, worm trails, foot prints, embedded leaves 
and shells are beautifully illustrative of phenomena observed in 
older formations, e. g., our Carboniferons. 
Lacustrine. 
In the bottom of Grand Lake, Halifax County, we discovered 
a formation which must have been a long time in progress, It 
largely consists of singular concretions, having an artificial 
appearance, so as to have been mistaken for “ancient pottery.” 
I found, however, from an examination of the deposit and from 
chemical analysis that it was natural, and consisting of “ ferru- 
ginous concretions.” The whole is regarded as a formation of 
iron-sesquoxide with water. Vide Transactions of the Royal 
Society of Canada, Vol. I. 
In some lakes are diatomaceous deposits, pure or clayey, e. g., 
in Fauleigh Lake, Colchester, and Long Lake, Halifax. 
Bogs, &c. 
Bogs and other surface formations have bog iron and bog 
manganese. Clays with limnveide, &c., localities are numerous 
in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton. 
Clays and Sands. 
Clays, sands and shingle, separate or intermingled, are the 
regular constituents of our sea beaches, and have been in past 
ages and are easily accounted for. Clays and sands which 
largely cover the interior are the results of the operations of 
agencies which cannot be readily specified. 
