244 THE STONE AGE IN NOVA SCOTIA.—PATTERSON. 
considerable variety of forms, and some are barbed as well as 
stemmed. There is a piece of one from Yarmouth County (No. 
174) which is interesting as giving evidence of having been 
wrought into a spiral form. There is what is set down asa 
spear-head from Michigan (No. 105) which shows the same 
peculiarity. Such implements have been regarded as showing 
that the aborigines had discovered the principle of the rifle gun. 
Besides the specimens from Nova Scotia are several from Mas- 
sachusetts and New Jersey, (Nos. 158-164), one from Colling- 
wood, Ont., (No. 165), and one from Aberdeenshire, Scotland, 
(No. 166), which will show the similarity of the workmanship of 
the people of the stone age in widely separted countries. 
6. Spear-heads.—These are of the same forms as the arrow- 
heads but larger. Some fine specimens are in the collection, some 
leaf-shaped with rounded base and some stemmed (Nos. 100-104.) 
Some instruments passing under this name may have been used 
as cutting or scraping tools. 
7. Perforators——Two implements in this collection, both from 
Annapolis, are set down under this name, but both have the 
points broken off. One (No. 282) has a broad base, but shows 
evidence of having been worked to forma point. The other 
(No. 278) though having something the appearance of an arrow- 
head, appears really to have been intended as a perforator. 
8. Scrapers.—Thick flakes of flint, &., worked at one extre- 
mity, sometimes at both, into a convex or semi-lunar edge. Such 
are still used by the Eskimo in cleaning skins, and in scraping 
and smcothing horn, bone, wood, &c. Two specimens, both from 
Annapolis, (Nos. 283, 286.) But a number of others probably 
also served the same purpose. 
9. Cutting and sawing implements. — There are several 
implements of this kind from Nova Scotia (Nos. 91, 249.) But 
a crescent shaped one from New Jersey is worthy of special 
notice (No. 106.) 
10. Dagger-shaped implements.—Not represented. 
ll. Leaf-shaped wmplements.—< Perhaps mostly used for 
scraping and cutting. Some may be unfinished tools.” A num- 
ber of such in the collection (Nos. 94, 97.) 
