286 ABORIGINAL REMAINS.—PIERS. 
tubes formed of steatite. These tubes were found on opening 
some of the minor mounds of the Ohio Valley. Figures 9 to 12, 
when drawn to the correct size of the originals, agree almost 
exactly with our larger specimen. The outside and inside 
diameter (and ecnsequently the thickness), and the diameter of 
the small perforation are practically the same in each. The 
only difference is that our specimen was, when complete, slightly 
longer than Schooleraft’s and not quite so regular in section. 
Now this agreement in form and measurement can hardly be 
accidental. And yet, it may be asked, what need was there for 
such a correspondence ? We cannot answer. 
As to their use, it is now generally believed that they were 
employed by the medicine men when performing their conjura- 
tions upon a diseased person. Many early travellers describe 
similar tubes whicb were used for this purpose.* 
Pipes.—There are four pipes in the collection. The first (Figs. 
7 & 8,) was found at Musquodoboit, in Halifax County, and was 
presented by Mr. Alexander Riach. It is remarkable for being of 
the same type as the mound-builder’s pipes. The bowl, which is 
round, rises from the centre of an oblong, slightly cured base, 
which has acentral line of elevation above and below, and through 
which passes the perforation, .30 of an inch in diameter, leading to 
the inner cavity which is designed to hold the narcotics. The top of 
the bow] has a wide flange, which is ornamented above by several 
short grooves, disposed in radiating positions. Length of base, 
5.10 inch; greatest width of ditto, 1.45 in.; height of bowl 
above base, about 1.75 ; diameter of cavity of bowl, .90 inch. 
The second pipe (Fig. 9.) is of the type which Dr. Patterson 
considers to be the Micmac form of pipe. ‘The bowl rises from the 
edge of a flattened handle or base, which is pierced with a hole for 
receiving the stem. The lower edge of the base—or keel, as it 
might be ealled—is cut into three small lobes, each of which has 
a small perforation through it, probably for the purpose of 
attaching some ornament. This pipe was found near the River 
Dennis, Cape Breton. It was presented by Mr. W. McPherson. 
* See Rau— Archeological Collection of the National Museum, pp. 43-45. And ABpotr—Surveys 
West of the 100th Meridian, Vol. VIL., pp. 190-2. 
