438 OUR COMMON ROADS—MURPHY. 
both turn-pike and statute labor for many years, and by the 
Roads and Bridges Act of 1878 the system of County manage- 
ment was extended to all parts of Scotland. The Highways and 
Locomotive Amendment Act of the same year enlarged the areas 
of road management in England in several important respects. 
I have so far touched upon the evolution and history of road 
making abroad. Let us now examine the cost, and see if we could 
judiciously apply the practice being adopted in Europe or how 
much of it, to our own Province. 
The following table gives some of the results obtained on the 
roads in the Department of the Loire, France, and the daily 
traffic over them, as reported by M. Graeff, engineer in chief, des 
Points et Chausees. The road covering was schist and 21 feet 
wide. 
Annual Wear 
Length of Mode of Maintenance. _Daily in 
Road. Tonnage. Icybic Yards 
1 mile....| Periodical reconstruction .... 1400 579 
1 “ ....| Minute and constant repairs..}| 1400 727 
1 “ ,...| Periodical reconstruction .... 1800 1866 
1 “ ....| Minute and constant repairs.. 1800 2104 
1 “ ....| Periodical reconstruction .... 2300 2794 
1 “ ....| Minute and constant repairs..| 3200 4635 
ORS eta sf fs oe 5400 9934 
Some of the roads in the arrondisement of St. Etienne, built 
with basalts, furnished the following data : 
Annual Wear 
Mode of Maintenance. Daily in 
Tonnage. |Cubic Yards. 
Length of 
oad. 
ample: ve | Periodical reconstruction.....| 1200 175 
WR Wenawe Attra “ Lntval, 2000 372 
Le ten 7 Minute and constant repairs.., 2000 480 
The foregoing tables shew, (1) that the destruction of the road 
material increases more rapidly than the tonnage; (2) that the 
