446 OUR COMMON ROADS—MURPHY. 
The systems of McAdam and Telford, being those which will 
doubtless continue to be most generally adopted for country 
roads and those of small towns and suburban districts, and as 
there is a growing feeling throughout the Province that Me- 
Adam’s system should be Sogn, it may be opportune to discuss 
its desirability here. 
We must begin by grading the road to some degree of uni- 
formity, and draining it thoroughly. The latter is absolutely 
necessary, otherwise the coating of broken stones forming a com- 
pact road surface would be frequently hove by the frost in this 
fitful climate. Next we,would require steam stone-crushers. 
Generally speaking, stone-breaking machines can be used to the 
greatest advantage when the material is difficult to break, and 
where there are facilities for distributing large quantities from 
one, or a small number of sources of supply. The economy of 
substituting machinery for hand labor will generally be almost 
entirely a question of transport of the broken stones to the road. 
In many parts of the Province good stones for road material, 
whin or quartzite, encumber the ground. We can in this case 
save the cost of quarrying. 
The stone-breaking machines of Blake’s, Hope’s, and Archer’s 
have been thoroughly tried. The quantity of whinstone broken 
by a 16" x 91 Hope machine is about 40 tons per day, supposing 
that the machine was kept in regular work, which can very 
rarely be realized in practice. Gilmore says the American 
breakers yield from 3 to 7 cubic yards per hour. From all the 
information I can gather, I doubt if one can get 40 tons per day 
one day with another. The cost is as follows : 
Hugineenonidriver) worker Preiserame ens $2 50 
4omoeniand il Toy mauris ame ies ake eee 5 50 
Goal) 2 stor acct. geere Cathe Wee paw ara aca OOM 
Oil seottonawaster a j.cacstcid Bonen 0 85 
$11 85 
To use stone-breaking machines to advantage they must be 
kept steadily at work. It may be moved from place to place by 
the engine. The former when mounted on wheels, weighs 5 or 
