went on : — Now, from all this it is evident that for the full and 

 thorough understanding and intelligent comprehension of the 

 higher forms music as we have it at the present day, there is 

 necessary something more than the external organ of hearing 

 and the cerebral auditory centre, however highly these may be 

 developed and exercised in the individual. And this " some- 

 thing more " is a sensitive, feeling, impressible, and highly- 

 organised xoul : we must have on the one hand the material ear 

 of the body, and on the other hand the spiritual ear of the mind, 

 and the influence exercised by the former, the material organ, on 

 the latter, the spiritual and immaterial organ, and the effects pro- 

 duced, and the nature and degree of the response elicited, must 

 vary according as the soul is more or less highly developed. It 

 is the soul, that mysterious but very real component of man's 

 nature, which is acted on, in a manner played upon as an instru- 

 ment by the material perception of sound ; and the more perfect 

 the instrument the greater will be the effect produced. So that 

 the intelligent comprehension of music even by the higher 

 animals will always be more or less imperfect, because their 

 soul is of a lower order, their intelligence is unable to grasp 

 and comprehend the sequences and rich combinations of musical 

 sounds. And hence the effect of music on animals cannot be 

 other than fragmentary and imperfect ; it can at least be only in 

 the most general and superficial way, agreeable or otherwise, but 

 there cannot be any approach to a comprehension of the deep 

 and subtle meanings of music, of major or minor keys, or of 

 musical form. 



This musical soul of man is capable of progress and de- 

 velopment by education, cultivation, and training, and has been 

 so developed from one generation to another, and from the days 

 of primitive man. Doubtless this process of development of the 

 musical art, like that of all other Arts, dated back to a very 

 early age ; but unlike the sister Arts of painting, poetry, sculp- 

 ture, and the like, the musical Art has progressed by slow and 

 unequal stages. The ancient Greeks have left us abundant 

 evidence of the height attained by them in these sister Arts ; but 

 what do we know of their music ? 



Thus we see that music, in its elementary stages, is but a 

 congeries of vague sounds and indefinite noises " without form 

 and void," to which we can hardly apply the term " music " ; 

 but it has ever been the manner and means by which most 

 living beings express their state of mind ; while music as an Art 

 becomes more than an imitation of external things, as is the 

 case more or less with the other Arts, but it is the expression of 

 the inmost being of man and of his profoundest feeling and 

 emotions. Thus the study of the evolution of music from the 

 rudimentary stage of expressive noises and cries is one of 



