19 



Seven species of Gault and Chalk Ostracoda, probably derived 

 from the adjacent cretaceous beds. 



Also a single specimen of a Tertiary Ostracoda was fomid in 

 the sand of the Raised Beach, probably derived from an outlier of 

 Lower Tertiary clays which at that period would be found resting 

 on the chalk of the neighbourhood. 



The contemporaneous Foraminifera, of which I found eight 

 species, belong to the genera Gaudryina, Tmncatu/ina, Fulvinu- 

 lina, Eofalia, Noiiioiiina and Polystoniella. 



There were also many derived chalk Foraminifera in the 

 sand of this spot. 



Throughout this sand bed are irregular seams of con- 

 cretionary sandstone. These concretions vary from the most 

 grotesque shapes to tabular layers. They were formed by 

 percolating water charged with carbonate of lime, depositing 

 calcareous matter around each granule of sand presumably as 

 aragonite, which afterwards passed into the form of calcite. 

 The sandstone does not derive all its calcite cement from the 

 shells, for the latter are often found adherent to concretions, 

 but certainly much of it has been derived in this way. 

 When a piece of this sandstone is treated with hydrochloric 

 acid, the residuum obtained is a fine sand exactly like the sand 

 of the bed in which the concretions are found ; it is composed of 

 quartz and flint with an occasional sponge spicule derived from 

 the chalk. 



The top of the Raised Beach, at Aldrington, consists of a 

 layer of well-rounded pebbles or small boulders resting on fine 

 brown clay, in which are embedded the shells of mussels, &:c. 

 This clay, when washed, yielded a fine sand containing a large 

 proportion of the heavier minerals, as zircons, rutile, tourmaline, 

 kyanite and garnet. Some of the zircons are well crystallised, 

 and show inclusions and gas cavities in the interior. All the 

 microzoa found in this seam are indigenous to the deposit. A 

 species of Cythet-e, one of the Ostracoda, and fifteen species of 

 Foraminifera were also found in this brown clay. 



There seems to be some evidence of intermittent ice action 

 in these deposits. For instance, in places, the top of the sand 

 beds show a wavy surface exactly like the trail of till and brick 

 earth, and possibly indicates the stranding and melting of ice. 



We scarcely have time here to discuss in detail the various 

 theories of the elevation of beaches. The followers of Sir Charles 

 Lyell maintain that the raised Beaches are evidence of the slow 

 and steady movement of great land masses which form part of 

 the gigantic folds seen in the formation of mountain chains. On 

 the other hand. Professor Edward Suess has pointed out some 

 serious drawbacks to the universal application of the theory of 

 land elevation. One of these is the fact that Raised Beaches are 

 often seen to overlie strata of very different hardness and struc- 



