GEOLOGY. 11 
indicate that flood-waters, if not the actual river, once flowed over 
the ridge. 
Beyond Southend Village a small tributary, which comes as 
a brook through the meadows on the south-east, passes under the 
road. It has its rise in a spring which forms a pond in a meadow 
towards Plaistow. After the water from it has passed under the 
Bromley Road through a pipe it enters a ditch in a meadow 
occupied by Mr. Perry, of the Upper Mill. Into the same ditch 
the water from another spring is conducted by a drain-pipe, and 
Mr. Perry has in- 
formed us that in 
dry seasons the 
volume of water 
from the two 
springs exceeds 
the water brought 
down by the main 
stream. If, there- 
fore, the water from 
these two springs 
had been diverted 
into sewers, as that 
of other springs in 
the neighbourhood 
of Bromley has 
been, the upper 
Ravensbourne 
would have had 
no water in dry 
seasons. 
At the foot of 
Bromley Hill the 
valley turns to- 
wards the west, and 
may be followed by 
a new road through 
the Bromley Park 
Estate towards 
Ravensbourne rail- 
way station. On 
PLaTeE 4. the Ladies’ Golf 
Ground at Ravens- 
bourne there is another shallow pit exhibiting stratified gravel, 
near which we once picked up a small flint implement of primitive 
type closely resembling many which we have obtained on the 
plateau of the North Downs above Otford, Kemsing, etc.- The 
figure 18 in Plate 4 is reproduced from a photograph of the 
implement referred to. The elevations between Ravensbourne and 
Shortlands are noticeable. The valley-plain stands at 8oft.; 
. 
