
23 
is rarely found far from cultivated fields. Its food is cereals and 
seeds of the grasses bordering the cultivated fields; it has a 
more restricted geographical distribution in Britain than the red 
grouse, not being found in the Western Hebrides or Orkney and 
Shetland. The rabbit has a similar range as the partridge, from 
the lower part of the black grouse zone down to the sea level. 
lt is not found native in the outer Hebrides, but has been 
introduced in the Island of Lewis quite recently. The lowest 
zone, the fallow deer and the pheasant, is not a natural one, it 
represents a fauna imported and protected by man; they are 
aliens, and could not survive in this climate unless protected. 
There is at present an interesting illustration of protected 
animals becoming confined to their habitat: in Scotland the 
large sheep farms, when let, contain a clause in the lease, that 
the incoming tenant takes over the sheep stock at a valuation, 
the arbitrators usually value the stock at ten to fifteen shillings 
per head above the current market price, because the sheep have 
become acclimatised and do not go beyond their zone, or limits of 
the farm. There are seldom any boundary fences, and new 
stock would wander across the boundary or zone of the farm. 
This question is at present much discussed in the Scottish 
newspapers. 
Marine Zones Existing. 
Having found the Terrestrial Zones of Life and Plants clearly 
defined and separated in their vertical range in Britain, we now 
come to the Inter-Tidal and Marine Zones. We here find the 
same adjustment to their surroundings as in the Terrestrial 
Zones. I have chosen depths to describe the zones, in prefer- 
ence to the seaweeds usually taken for this purpose. The 
seaweeds have distinct zones to a depth of 300ft., the limit of 
marine vegetation. 
For the Inter-Tidal Zone all the examples mentioned in the 
diagram are found on the Brighton shores east of the Black 
Rock. They are found in descending order. They are to a 
certain extent amphibious; nearly one half of the twenty-four 
hours they are covered by sea water, and again exposed to strong 
light and frequent showers of rain water. With the exception 
of the edible limpet (Patella vulyata), they select the darkest 
corners of the rocks. There are two species of limpets, the first 
named and a very much smaller and more compressed species, 
beautifully coloured and striated on the outside of the shell, and 
richly coloured inside. The barnacle and limpet come close up 
to high tide. 
The mussel, Rissoa, and Cerithium do not come so near high 
tide mark. The latter adhere to seaweed and corallines. There 
is a very minute zodid adhering to the latter in great abundance. 
It forms the principal food of the larger mollusca. The 
