26 
difference in structure, the non-eruted wisdom-tooth of the latter, 
as well as the crowding and over-lapping of the upper teeth, and 
the fine frontal development. It was scarcely necessary to and 
that a Roman coin was found near this skull, to conclude that it 
belonged to an individual who bore marks of civilization, probably 
a Roman. 
No very valuable deduction could be made from the small 
number of skulls they had to work from, but he firmly believed 
that some good would result from the application of Dr. Leon 
Williams’ measuring instrument, when used, and the results 
tabulated on a large number of skulls of various types. It would 
be interesting to learn how through the ages the type of jaw had 
altered, and in what way or ways the environment of the creature 
was reflected in these structures. Dr. Charters White had 
indicated the character of food of these early people by his 
analysis of the tartar of some authentic specimens, and this 
induced him (the lecturer) to ask Dr. Charters White to 
experiment upon some tartar taken from a specimen sent to him 
by a friend who found a portion of jaw teeth near this spot, but 
the result of the examination added to their previous doubt as to 
that specimen being really very ancient. 
In considering the sidelights thrown upon the possible belief 
in a future state by these primitive people, the lecturer read a 
paragraph from the S¢. James’s Gazette of March 4th, 1904—a 
paragraph which was intensely interesting when viewed in the 
light of recent advances in the methods and ideas of the Japanese 
people: “It was a custom in old Japan to bury living retainers, 
servants, and even horses, upright in a circle round the grave of 
a member of any imperial or noble family. The heads of these 
poor wretches were left exposed, and their cries of agony during 
their lingering death could be heard night and day. This awful 
custom was changed by a tender-hearted ruler in the second year 
of our Christian era, rough clay images being substituted for the 
living beings; but so late as a.D. 646 another Emperor had 
to legislate against the recurrence of such living burials.” 
It was difficult to conceive that there were districts in India 
where the “ suttee”’ or “good wife,” was even now burnt on her 
husband’s funeral pile. Tylor, in his “ Anthropology,” writes : In 
Europe, long after the wives and slaves ceased thus to follow 
their master, the warrior’s horse was still solemnly killed at his 
grave and buried with him. This was done as lately as 1781, at 
Treves, when a General named Friedrick Kasimir was buried 
according to the rites of the Teutonic Order ; and in England, 
the pathetic ceremony of leading the horse in the soldier’s funeral 
is the last remnant of this ancient sacrifice. Other quaint 
relics of the old funeral customs are to be met with. There are 
German villages where the peasants put shoes on the feet of the 
corpse (the hell ‘shoon,’ with which the old Northmen were 
