THE VALE OF CLWYD. 29 
The shells are almost all broken, generally only small frag- 
ments remain. Mangelia, however, I have found perfect, and 
Turritella nearly whole. 
All occur, and all but two are common on the coast only 
five miles to the North of St. Asaph. 
The following is the list of those found within a mile of 
St. Asaph, along the west slope of the hill on which the 
Cathedral stands :— 
Dentalium abyssorum or tarentinum | Artemis exoleta 
Littorina littorea / Astarte borealis 
Trophon clathratum (= T. trun- | Cardium edule 
catus = Fusus Bamffius) C. echinatum 
Pleurotoma ( Mangelia) rufa Mytilus edulis 
P. turricula Ostrea edulis (young) 
Turritella terebra Tellina balthica 
In the Llanerch brick pits a mottled blue-grey and purple 
clay is worked to 7 feet. The workmen informed me that 
it extended much further down but got too strong. Even the 
surface part which was being worked was too strong for making 
bricks. A few worn stones occurred either singly or more 
commonly in little groups here and there. It looked to me 
like the Clwydian clayey drift sorted and carried away 
from the stones, a part of which got floated out perhaps on 
shore ice. Hummocky patches of this drift occur all the 
way up the valley. The following rather curious section was 
exposed near Llanrhaiadr (see fig. 1 5.) Ido not know whether 
the upper and lower part of the deposit should be referred to 
the same conditions. 
Fic. 15. 
Section in Clwydian Drift near Pandy, about one mile S. of 
Llanrhaiadr. (Scale 20 feet to 1 inch.) 
a. Coarse gravel in which some pieces of red sandstone have lost all the 
colour and, flaking along the lines of original stratification, present 
somewhat the appearance of nearly vertical false bedding, and 
explain the origin of much of the included sand. 
6. Grey sand with red bands, ae and lines of reddish clay, buff 
loam, and gravel in thin finely false-bedded layers; the layers 
strongly picked out by the alternations of colour. 
On the West of the Elwy, on the road from St. Asaph to 
Wigfair about } mile S.W. of Glanllyn, near where the second 
“y” in Ffynon-y-Capel is engraved on the Ordnance Map, 
i is a fine section in the Upper or Clwydian drift (see 
10.) 
Fic. 16. 
Section seen in Cliff near Wigfair, St. Asaph. 
a. Brickearth e ‘ss = “op ae 3 
&. Reddish boulder-clay Se = ate 
c. Red sand “3 of “e oe eg, 
d. Greyish boulder-clay ; some stained red ae GO 
¢. Inferred position of solid rock. 
