84 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF 
The remains hitherto found belong to Hyxna, Dog, Wolf, Fox, 
Glutton, Bear, Badger, Reindeer, Sheep, and Rabbit. Though 
the cave is probably, from its situation, one of the most ancient 
in the district, it is curious how few of the older group of 
animals have been found in it. 
The earth had been much disturbed by badgers and other 
burrowing animals. The skeletons of two badgers and two 
large dogs were found together in one place, as if the dogs 
had worked their way down into the deep recesses of the 
badgers’ earth, and in the terrible struggle which ensued the 
exit had got closed up, and all perished together. As I was 
standing behind the workmen, I was fortunate enough to pick 
up the jaw of a glutton which was thrown out from no 
great depth in disturbed earth. It was described by PkRor. 
Boyp Dawkins, Q.J.G.S., Vol. xxv, p. 406. In a small 
crevice not far off, in the cliff below Galltfaenan, the remains 
of reindeer were found. 
In the small aérzs at Brysgill, in the Elwy Valley, there were 
a few flint flakes and bone instruments of unknown date, but 
probably much later than the Paleolithic Period. 
TRAVERTINE. 
Closely connected with the weathering of the mountain 
limestone and the formation of caves is the deposit of stalagmite 
or travertine, the result of precipitation from the water which had 
helped to form the caves, when it came out again to the surface, 
and being aerated and losing its carbonic acid, had to let go its 
hold on the carbonate of lime which it had carried off from the 
cavernous rock. It is not of such common occurrence as one 
might have expected in a valley favourably placed for its forma- 
tion and surrounded by mountain-limestone. 
In the valley of the Wheeler there is an interesting section 
(see fig. 20) from which we can roughly estimate the age of the 
deposit. 
iG 20: 
Section behind the Inn, oppostte the Railway Station, Caerwys, 
Flintshire. (Scale 40 feet to 1 inch.) 
a. Surface soil and rain-wash, derived chiefly from (c) .. 3' 0” 
&. Travertine full of tubes and knobs, as if it had accumu- 
lated chiefly round plants, Zimnea peregra, Helix 
t 
caperata (?) &c. Af & Ses o 15’ o” 
c. Redsand with alittle gravel. Tne included stones chiefly 
Silurian and Cambrian. Felstones rare .. (?) about 100’ 0” 
The travertine seems newer than the red sand and gravel, and 
to have been deposited against a steep slope of it, as they dove- 
tail into one another, and a little red sandy matter seems often 
to have been washed far out on to the travertine. 
