36 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF 
have been describing under the name Clwydian drift, against 
which it is sometimes found abutting. (See fig. 21.) 
BiIGih2in. 
Section in ditch about half-mile N.W. of Rhuddlan. 
(Scale, 10 feet to 1 inch.) 
a. Surface soil. 
d. Blue clay. 
c. Gravel of angular and subangular and worn fragments in black smutty 
earth ; looks as if there were burnt matter in it. 
d, Gravelly drift. Sand and gravel with bits of red shale and clay 
(?) = Clwydian drift. 
These newer deposits consist generally of a stiff blue-grey clay 
with subordinate silt and loam, and, in the upper part especially, 
lines and patches of peaty matter and trees (see fig. 22.) I saw 
no stones or shells in the clays exposed on the shore, except 
those which had evidently been driven in by storms and accident. 
There were stains and tubes of iron oxide, and many holes as if 
left by roots. The surfaces exposed between high and low water 
were perforated all over by boring molluscs. 
BAG... .22; 
Section seen in Marsh N. of Rhuddlan. 
(Scale, 10 feel fo 1 inch.) 
Surface soil. 
Blue clay, weathering brown in upper part 
Impure peat > ho timber Ae ae 
Peat, with trees to 1’ 6” diameter and 15’ in length 
Blue clay se es ae Sy to 
The surface of this marsh is below high water mark. 
I found broken shells of Buccinum undatum at base of (a) ; 
perhaps artificially carried there 
Scrobicularia piperata, with valves adherent, occurred in (8), 
but I could not satisfy myself whether it belonged to the age of 
(6) or had burrowed into the softened surface at any later period. 
In the Cambrian Inn, at Pensarn, are a skull of Bos longifrons 
and antlers of Cervus elaphus, said to have been found at a 
depth of 18 feet, in digging clay for making the railway 
embankment. There is also a fine pair of red-deer horns which 
was washed out of the clay in a storm. Some barnacles on one 
of the highest tynes show that it had projected through the clay 
for some time. 
The blown sand and the shingle seem to travel over the surface 
of the Morfa Rhuddlan beds (see fig. 23) with the prevalent 
winds, chiefly from W. and S.W. to E. and N.E. 
FIG. 23. 
Section NV. W. and S.E. across shore deposits, Pensarn, Vale of Clwyd. 
Surface soil, recent alluvial deposits, &c. 
Blown sand. 
Shingle. 
Blue clay. 
Peat and trees. 
SAP oR 
Wn om 
O70. 2 C. 
RO SS 
