— © Tees. 
THE VALE OF CLWYD. 37 
The effect of this easterly drifting may be observed in all the 
little streams which run across the sand to the sea. They turn 
to the E. and N.E. as they get silted up on the W. side (see fig. 
24.) 
Fic. 24. 
Ground plan of shore near Pensarn, Vale of Clwyd. 
The blown sand and the shingle seem to travel over the 
surface of the Morfa Rhuddlan Beds (see fig. 23.) with the 
prevalent winds, chiefly from W. and S.W. to E. and N.E. The 
effect of this easterly drifting may be observed in all the little 
streams which run across the sand to the sea. They turn to the 
E. and N.E. as they get silted up on the W. side (see fig. 24.) 
I do not know of any remains of man having been discovered 
in these beds, but they may yet turn up, as there are plenty in 
similar deposits elsewhere. We should find canoes, stone and 
bronze weapons, belonging to the later prehistoric races that we 
know lived on the hills around, The Pontnewydd cave folk 
lived ages before any of the silt and mud we are now describing 
was laid down. It was long after the main mass of the silt had 
been deposited, and while the estuary was now being cut back 
and now gaining again on the sea, that the Gweddelod and 
Ordovices (Gwyr Ardudwy) and other ancient tribes were 
struggling to hold the important positions along the north coast. 
The Romans marched aross it. The Saxons probably saw it. 
The English built the Castle of Rhuddlan on a bank of drift, 
along the base of whichthe Clwydthen ran. But here we are in 
the time of history. We have overlapped what might in one 
sense be called historic times, but the only evidence we have for 
that early part of history is geological. The fossils we dig up 
are stone and metal, and bone and wood, fashioned by man ; but 
it is only by applying the methods of geology to the investigation 
that we can hope to arrive at any conclusion as to the sequence 
of events in those early times. 
