CAVES AND CAVE DEPOSITS. 181 
chiefly noticed as littoral and in southern latitudes, their furthest 
limit being Sicily, where the former is also fossil; the only 
northern locality that appears to be recorded is the Scandinavian 
coast, on the authority of O. F. Miiller. The variety e/dptica 
(“shell invariably smaller than the typical form, broader in 
proportion to its length, in consequence of the sides being 
more produced, and of a /himmer texture”) has essentially a 
northern range, from Iceland to Kulla in the south of Sweden. 
These shells prove conclusively that the high-level drift at 
Cae Gwyn is not “a true undisturbed glacial deposit,” but that 
it belongs to the St. Asaph division of the Clwydian Drift, 
which ‘is mainly remanié.” 
The list of mammals found in the cave is, according to 
Mr. Davies :— 
Felis leo var. spelea Bos or Bison 
F, catus ferus Cervus giganteus 
Hyena crocuta var. spelea C. elaphus 
Canis lupus C. capreolus 
C. vulpus C. tarandus 
Ursus sp. Equus caballus 
Meles taxus Rhinoceros tichorhinus 
Sus scrofa Elephas primigenius 
These are clearly the animals of the newer post-glacial 
gravels of the South and East of England. We have £. primz- 
genius, not E. antiguus, or E. meridionalis; R. tichorhinus, not 
R. megarhinus ; C. tarandus and C. megaceros, not C. verticornis 
or C. Sedgwickit. 
Recent excavations have conclusively proved that the upper 
opening now seen did not exist as an entrance to the cave 
during the period of its occupation, although many fissures and 
cylindrical holes, sometimes open sometimes choked, lead from 
the surface of the rock and the water-carrying strata of the 
overlying drift into this part of the cave. 
When the bone-earth was followed out from the upper open- 
ing it was found to be overlain by a mass of broken limestone, 
which the floor of solid rock rose to meet, at a distance of some 
6 feet more or less from the inner wall of the cave (see fig 3.) 
This mass of angular rock sloped in over the cave-deposits, 
and, when followed to the north end of the excavation in front 
of the opening, it was seen to extend from the floor of the cave 
to meet the rock above, which again projected forward to form 
a roof to the cave. Broken rock extended in a similar manner 
in front of the opening up to the exterior wall of the cave at 
the south end of the excavation, and, immediately in front of 
the cave, great masses of rock were found in the soil and drift 
that blocks the opening (as seen in figs. 2 and 3.) It was per- 
fectly clear that these masses of rock represented the roof and 
walls of a portion of the cave which had yielded to subterranean 
denudation and gradually crumbled down or collapsed more 
rapidly. Str ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, who visited the cave in 
October, quite concurred in this view. 
