SAND DUNFS AND CWMS. 265 
In a postscript PRorEssOR LEROUR remarks, that ‘‘ Subterra- 
nean erosion has recently been treated in several papers, and 
the subject, if followed up, seems likely to yield valuable results. 
I would especially refer to a paper by Mr. W. SHone, in the 
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xlviii., 1892,. p. 96; 
and to another by Mr. H. B. WoopwarD, in Natural Science, 
vol. ii, 1893, p. 124.” I must return PROFESSOR LEBOUR’S 
reference to my paper upon this matter, by stating that his 
more recent contribution is most valuable, and should be 
carefully studied by all interested in the effects of ‘‘ Subterra- 
nean Erosion.” 
In my opinion, this much neglected ‘‘ principle of geology,” 
when carefully studied, will be capable of solving many, at 
present, inexplicable problems connected with sedimentary 
strata efore such deposits were consolidated into rock. I say 
this advisedly, and after much thoughtful consideration of the 
possibilities of a clearer and better interpretation — shall I say 
truer, for all human knowledge of truth is but relative—of the 
text of the ‘‘ Record of the Stratified Rocks.” 
A NOTE OF THE SUBMERGED FOREST AT RHYL. 
FEW notes upon the exposure at Rhyl, about three-quarters 
of a mile east of Rhyl Pier, in February, 1893, of the 
remains of a Submerged Forest on the shore, ten feet below high- 
water mark, should perhaps be recorded. The Liverpool Echo, 
of February 7th, 1893, contained the announcement of a— 
REMARKABLE DIscovERY AT RuyL: A SUBMERGED Forest.—The 
action of the tide at Rhyl, within the past few days, has disclosed the singular 
sight of the remains of an ancient forest, which for the period of eighty years 
has been completely covered by the sea. The scoured portion of the beach 
where this remarkable sight is presented, is situated opposite the Marine 
Drive, about a mile east of the Pier. The Town Surveyor, Mr. R. Hughes, 
has made an accurate plan of the place, which shows about thirty trees rooted 
as they grew, whilst there are a number of horizontal trunks which appear to 
rest where they fell. Several of the trees have been proved to be of oak and 
“elm, and the remainder appear to be birch, alder, and hazel. The stumps 
-vary in diameter from twelve to twenty-four inches, and are situated about 
100 yards from the edge of the sandhills, and are covered during high spring 
tides by about ten feet of water. The scoured portions of the sands which 
expose these old roots extend for about 550 yards in length, east, and vary 
in width from seven to thirty-five yards towards low water. Folk-lore asserts 
that this is part of an old forest, the portion in question being known as 
«Coed Brawr-y-Rhyl.” 
The fact of a tradition of a forest once existing at this spot is 
‘most important. It is very suggestive that the forestal remains 
are not of any great antiquity, and the cause which brought 
them down ten feet below high-water mark, has done so, in a 
geological sense, recently and swiftly. 
