8 
the main trunk, or to any other branch. ‘‘ With respect to the 
progenitors of the Proboscidea we refrain,” says Oscar Schmidt, 
‘from any conjecture.” At present there are only two species of 
elephant; they are the sole representatives of the order. From 
them we go back in thought to the Mammoth and other similar 
forms which preceded it; thence to the Mastodon of greater 
antiquity, and as companion to that the earliest and the hugest of 
‘them all, although possessing a much shorter proboscis, the 
Deinotherium, once classed among the order Sirenia (Sea-cows, the 
Dugong, Manatee, &c.) These three genera: —Deinotherium, Masto- 
don, Elephas, make up the whole order; the two former are extinct, 
and the parent stock has yet to be discovered. If anywhere, it will 
probably be among the bizarre forms with which the Tertiary and 
Cretaceous rocks of North America appear to be stored. 
I will now illustrate by means of a few slides the members of 
this order, before proceeding to the special part of our subject. 
1, Skull of Dinotherium—dug out at Epplesheim in Hesse 
Darmstadt, 1836. 43ft long, 5 molars each side— 
no canines—no incisors above—two developed into 
down-curved tusks below. No complete skeleton— 
doubtful about feet. 
2. Deinotherium restored. : 
8. Deinotherium. and Paleotherium—remote ancestor of 
Tapir, Rhinoceros. and Horse. 
4, Mastodon Skeleton. 
5. Mastodon restored — lived on much longer in North 
America—contemporary there with man. Not here. 
6. Slide of teeth. 
7. Mastodon Tooth. 
8. Mammoth and Mastodon—restored. 
Woolly Rhinoceros restored. 
9. Mammoth Skeleton—frontal skin. 
0. Mammoth restored. 
Among the immediately pre-historic mammals the figure of the 
Mammnors stands out the most conspicuous, and the most familiar - 
to usall. A huge elephant, larger by nearly one half than any 
modern form, with tusks attaining sometimes a length of 12 or 
13 feet. (There isa Mammoth’s tusk in the Natural History 
Museum, London, measuring 12ft. Gin. long), and sometimes 
describing a semicircle upwards; the neck ridged with a mane 
extending partly along the back; long shaggy-woolly locks hanging 
at its sides; the only extinct creature which shares with an ancient 
rhinoceros the distinction of having been found in the flesh, pre- 
served with a success that would have shamed the most accom- 
