11 
mation there is always a tendency to make up for it by the exercise- 
of the imagination. And so, never having seen the mysterious. 
creature to which these teeth belonged, they have legends of an 
enormous animal which burrows in the earth like a mole, to which 
the light of day is fatal, and which therefore invariably died when- 
ever it chanced to emerge into the upper air. Hence these bones. 
But I have stated that the Mammoth has been seen in the flesh 
in modern times, though not in a living condition. In these days 
of American and Australian mutton we have little difficulty in 
understanding how this may be. If a Mammoth once got frozen 
up in ice, it would have to stay there till it thawed, however long a. 
time that might be; and certainly the ice would preserve the body 
from putrefaction. - Several examples of bodies so preserved might 
be given; nine have been recorded; but I will only select two. In 
1800 an entire body was discovered at the mouth of one of the 
Siberian rivers ; and a circumstantial account has been left by the 
Russian naturalist Adams, of another found in 1806. But as the. 
particulars concerning this one are to be found in almost every 
work on geology, I will read to you an account of the discovery of 
a carcase found so late as 1846 by a Russian engineer, Lieutenant- 
Benkendorf. Doubt has been thrown upon this by Howorth, but. 
as it is accepted by Boyd Dawkins taken from Middendorf’s Travels,. 
and more recently still by Mr. Hutchinson in his book on “Extinct. 
Monsters,” I see no reason to regard it as untrustworthy.) 
So we are enabled to give a perfectly correct representation of 
this Elephant of the early world ; and few museums are without. 
some of its remains. Undoubtedly the greatest interest of all in 
connection with the Mammoth is that attaching to its associations. 
with our own early ancestors. In many a cave and river deposit 
its remains have been found mixed with human bones and imple- 
ments; and the charred fragments on the hearth shows that they 
used it for food. Now, notice the next slide on the screen. You: 
see a somewhat rude yet graphic sketch of a Mammoth apparently 
scratched on some soft substance. You cannot mistake the draw-. 
ing for that of any other animal, not even for our own elephant. 
It was found in 1863 in the cave of La Madelaine in the south of 
France, and it is scratched on a piece of Mammoth tusk. It lay 
in a medley of flint hatchets, bone needles, flint arrow heads, and 
human bones; it was certainly drawn by a human hand, no less 
~ certainly by Paleolithic Man, z.e. by man almost as far back as we- 
have been able to trace his existence. He has in his sketch caught. 
the prominent characteristics of the huge beast—its curved tusks,. 
its shaggy covering; you cannot doubt that the man who drew it 
had often seen it, and was in fact familiar with it. One wonders. 
whether he did it out of a pure love of drawing, or to while away 
an idle hour; or whether, as it has been suggested, it was done to- 
