14 
shown decided and unmistakable signs of life, and that too at the 
hands of men whose authority cannot be questioned. 
Well, we should get from the members of these two opposing 
schools, varying explanations of the disappearance of the Mammoth, 
‘some telling us it was gradual and made complete by man, others 
argue for a great catastrophe, a sudden flood of waters, that 
-drowned and buried them at the same time. Before entering, how- 
-ever on the disputed explanation, let me put before you the chief 
points to be considered in the matter. They have been collected 
-and selected with great care by Sir H. Howorth in his book, ‘‘ The 
Mammoth and the Flood; ’’ and though he is a Catastrophist in his 
explanation, even the Uniformitarians will not be able to question 
his facts, for which in every instance he gives his authority. 
I. Consider the enormous abundance of the remains, and their 
wide distribution, not only in Siberia, but in our own country, and 
in many caves and rock fissures in Europe, I have already touched 
upon this; I will add a few more particulars. ‘ From the caves in 
the Vale of Clwyd (in N. Wales) as many as 400 teeth of rhino- 
ceros, 500 of horse, 180 of hyena, and 15 of mammoth have been 
taken.”’ Twenty tons of bones of hippopotamus and others have 
been taken from a single cave in Sicily.”” How came these mise 
-cellaneous collections in caves? In Siberia we find a regular and 
profitable trade in ‘‘ fossil ivory’ as it is called. For nearly 300 
years England has imported it. In 1872, 1630 tusks were entered 
-at London Docks, and in the next year, 1140,—all Mammoth; and 
it is calculated that 110,000 lbs. of fossil ivory go to market ever; 
ayear. Nordenskiold considers that the spoils of at least 20,000 
Mammoths have already been gathered, and ‘‘ we can well believe 
in the rich mine that still remains.’ Again, in 1821 no lessa 
quantity than 20,000lbs. of ivory was obtained from (the Islands of) 
New Siberia alone.” One fraveller in the space of a verst (3500) ft. 
«found ten tusks sticking out of the ground,” and the Liachoy 
Islands seem to be simply piles of bones and tusks. How came 
these all so thickly gathered together. Was it the same ageney 
that piled them also in the caves? What agency? Floods of 
water ? 
Probably yes: then comes the question— Where were they brought 
from? The answer to this would be from the banks of the streams, 
where so many skeletons still lie embedded, and some with the 
flesh attached. ‘i 
Tl. How came they where we find them in the river banks? 
Did these float down the stream from more southern parts? Some 
say yes. But how could entire carcases float for hundreds of miles 
-and yet retain (as some do) their flesh and long hair intact? They 
are found by the sides of long and short rivers, main streams and 
-small tributaries; by rivers flowing north and by rivers flowing 
