16 
climatic cataclysm for each individual case and locality, we are 
forced to the conclusion that the now permanently frozen zone in 
Asia became frozen all at the same time, and from the same 
causes.” The cause, whatever it was, by which these entombments 
were produced, was so sudden, that it took full effect within the 
lifetime of one generation of animals. (Dawson.) 
Then how was this Destruction brought about? I will give you 
the explanation in Sir H. Howorth’s own words; if I gave it in 
my own,I should spoil it. ‘‘ The facts constrain us to one inevitable 
conclusion, namely, that the Mammoth and its companions perished 
by some wide-spread catastrophe which operated over a wide area 
and not through the slow processes of the ordinary struggle for 
existence, and that the greater part of the remains we find in 
Siberia and Europe are not the result of gradual accumulation 
under normal causes for untold ages, but the result of one of 
Nature’s hecatombs on a grand and wide spread scale, when a. 
vast fauna perished simultaneously. We must next inquire what. 
the nature of this catastrophe was. Let us, then, focus the- 
necessary conditions. We want a cause that shonld kill the 
animals, and yet not break to pieces their bodies, or even mutilate- 
them, a cause which would in some cases disintegrate the skeletons: 
without weathering the bones. We wanta cause that would not 
merely do this, as a wide-spread murrain or plague might, but one 
which would bury the bodies, as well as kill the animals, which 
could take up gravel and clay and lay them down again, and which 
could sweep together animals of different sizes and species, and 
mix them with trees and other debris of vegetation. What cause- 
competent to do this is known to us, except rushing water on a 
great scale? Water would drown the animals and yet would not. 
multilate the bodies. It would kill them all with complete 
impartiality, irrespective of their strength, age, or size. It would 
take up clay and earth, and cover the bodies with it.” So far 
Howorth. This explanation serves for the confused collections in 
caves also. The occurrence of mixed remains on high ground can 
only be explaned on the theory that the creatures sought refuge 
there from an advancing flood of waters. The deposits covering 
Mammoth remains “ prove, that at the close of the Palcocosmic: 
Age a deluge of water swept over our continents and caused the- 
physical break between the earlier and later human ages. This: 
great catastrophe was preceded in Europe at least by a gradual 
refrigeration, and a progressive extinction of the larger animals, 
and was followed by a diminished size of the continents and by the- 
advent over the depopulated surface of a more limited fauna and a 
new race of men.’’ (Dawson.) 
‘*T believe,’’ says Howorth, ‘that the evidence furnished by the 
Mammoth itself is not only consistent with the conclusion that 
