BUFONIDAE 



167 



matidae,is indicated by the Mexican Rhinoplirys and the Australian 

 Myohatrachus. However, since there are no true Engystomatidae 

 in Australia, although several genera occur in Papuasia, these 

 cases may be instances of convergence without necessarily im- 

 plying relationship. An unmistakable line of connexion leads, 

 according to Boulenger, to the Pelobatidae, the link being the 

 Himalayan Copliophryne, with very strongly dilated sacral 

 diapophyses, with a single condylar articulation of the coccyx 

 with the sacral vertebra (as in some Indo- Malayan Pelo- 



=^ BUFO. VZ/A FORMS WITH FINGER DISCS. ^\\ FORMS BESIDES BUFO 



Fig. 34. — Map showing distribution of Bufonidae. Tlie vertical lines indicate the 

 occurrence of Bufonidae, but not of Enfo. 



batidae), while this articulation is bicondylar in all the other 

 Bufonidae. 



The whole family is divided into eight genera with more than 

 a hundred species, of which only about fifteen do not belong to the 

 genus Bvfo. The distribution of the family is well-nigh cosmo- 

 politan, with the remarkable exception of Madagascar, Papuasia, 

 and the small islands of the Pacific ; Bufo has been wrongly said 

 to inhabit the Sandwich Islands. The greatest number of 

 species, chiefly Bufo, occur in the Neotropical region, the greatest 

 number of genera in Central America, where Bufo is rare, and in 

 Australia, where it is absent. 



A. Pupils contracted to a horizontal slit. Typically arciferous. 



i(. Australian. Tynipanuin invisible. Fingers and toes not dilated. 



1. With vomerine teeth. Both the onio- and ineta-sternum are 



rudimentary. East Australia : . . Notaden bennetti. 



'2. Without vomerine teeth. Omosternuni alisent. Metasternum 

 cartilaginous: ..... Pseudophryne, it. 168. 



