THE CRANBERRY FRUIT-WORM. 29 
grown, leave the berry, and go into the pupa state. Dr. Brakeley, who 
has raised the insect, and from whom I obtained a part of the above his- 
tory, says that the larva pupates in the ground, and the moth emerges 
next spring. The larvie appear to differ greatly in rapidity of growth, 
as in early August, when I examined many hundreds at Cape Cod, all 
sizes were represented, from the mite but a line or two in length to the 
nearly full-grown larva half an inch in length and completely filling the 
interior of the berry. The full-grown larva is half an inch or a little 
more in length, of a bright green color, often with a reddish tinge, most 
prominent on the dorsum. The head is narrower than the first segment, 
and is of a paler, more yellowish color, except the mouth, which is 
brown; the segments are transversely wrinkled, and are clothed with a 
few sparse and.rather long hairs. As a whole, the insect is more com- 
pactly built than either of the preceding, and is of the same thickness 
throughout. 
The damage done by this insect in the cranberry bogs of Cape Cod 
this season is very large. In New Jersey scarcely a specimen could be 
found, and nowhere was it plenty. On August 7 to11, I visited the 
Cape Cod bogs. Scarcely one but was infested by this insect, and many 
were so badly attacked that not 20 per cent. of the berries were sound; 
in one bog near Hyannis, which had escaped the fire-worm, the berries 
on August 8 were 90 per cent. red, and apparently ready to gather ; 
closer examination developed a berry worm in almost every berry, and 
there was every likelihood of the whole crop being eaten, as the worms 
were scarcely half-grown. 
REMEDIES. 
An Ichneumon fly is said to prey on this worm, but I did not succeed in 
breedingit, andit cannot apparently bedepended upon to keep the species 
within limits. I could not find that any remedies against this inseet 
had been successfully used. Tobacco had been tried, but without suc- 
cess, and the same result attended the use of Paris green. Flowing has 
been tried, but where the water has been left on long enough to destroy 
the insects, it has also destroyed the berries. The fact is that it is a 
matter of great difficulty, if not absolute impossibility, to reach this 
insect in the larva state. The fact that it lives in the berry, and care- 
fully closes up the place of entrance, excludes poisons which kill by 
touch or by being eaten, because the larva never comes into contact with 
them. Flowing is an incomplete remedy for the same reason. It is 
possible for the larva to remain submerged for a week or more without 
being in the least discommoded, and so long a submergence during 
August or September would infallibly ruin the crop, although it might 
thereby also destroy the insect. It is probable that at some portion of 
its career this insect can be successfully combated, but as most of my 
investigations this season were made in New Jersey, where this insect 
was not to be found, I was not able to ascertain its complete history, 
and can therefore suggest no remedy. 
