46 BULLETIN NO. 4, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
dry they were clear of living lice, but on the ground they were every- 
where crawling, making their way into crevices. 
Thus far the excerpts from my notes. 
I remained for a few days longer, until picking was over and the lice 
had disappeared, most of them destroyed, no doubt, by the deprivation 
of food and the numerous enemies, in the way of predaceous larve and 
small beetles of the Tachys group, which were everywhere abundant in 
the yards; but a large nuinber of fully-matured forms, apterous and 
winged, no doubt found winter quarters. As several persons claimed 
to have found the lice on the poles in spring, I examined many poles 
after they had been stacked. Where the yard had been but recently 
picked, lice were found on the outside, in the crevices, and under the 
bark. In yards that had been picked and the poles stacked two weeks 
or more, very few were found, and they far in the crevices and fissures ; 
none under the bark or in the erevices of the bark. The probability is 
that but few winter in the poles. 
A brief résumé of the results of my investigations is this: The lice are 
found in the ground as early as March (Clark); they are seen shortly 
after on the very young shoots scarcely above ground (Gridley); then 
on the young vines not more than three or four feet high, apterous and 
winged (Jenks). They disappear early in June, for notwithstanding 
close search I failed to find any, nor could [ learn of any having been 
then seen. In July, about the middle or toward the end of the month, 
single apterous individuals appear on the lower leaves; these produce 
living young, which are also apterous, and in two or three days also pro- 
duee like young; this continues until the weather becomes cold, and then 
winged individuals appear. When the hops are picked, the fully devel- 
oped individuals enter the ground, crevices on poles, and probably 
other sheltered situations. In the early part of the season the results 
are all viviparous females; early in September winged individuals begin 
to appear. 
As to the mode in which they do their damage: Numerous as they 
become, did they only attack the leaves or stems of the plant the 
abundant vitality of the plant would still ripen the hops, though they 
might not be quite so full; but not satisfied with the leaves they go into 
the hop, i. e., into the burr, and there puncture the delicate leaves; the 
sap exudes, ferments, and a fungus attacks it—the hops mold, become 
specked, lose vitality, and finally decay. Not always do the lice enter 
the hop; sometimes they have been very abundant and yet hops have 
not suffered, because the insects confined their attacks to the leaves. 
Dry, hot weather will keep them out of the hop, and will somewhat 
retard their increase. Hot, moist weather, or rainy weather with cold 
spells, will in the one case so favor their increase that they will cover 
the whole vine; and in the other, while retarding their development, 
cause them to seek shelter in the hop itself. 
Nor are all varieties of hops equally affected by the vermin. ‘* Hum- 
