COTTON CULTURE IN THE PROVINCE OF BAHIA. 67 
species of fungus was found in the specimen seut for examination, but 
that it is impossible to say whether the disease is caused by the fungus. 
We made observations on and inquiries in regard to the direction of 
winds, the ravages of locusts, and insects injurious and beneficial to ag- 
riculture. , Mr. Koebele captured a large number of moths at night upon 
the tlowersof a species of Cleome that grew abundantly about our house. 
Among the noctuids were a very few cotton moths. The collection we 
made of these insects was obtained almost entirely by breeding them 
from the larve. The moths first bred from larvee feeding on cotton 
were unlike those so injurious to the cotton plant in the United States, 
but later we found another kind, though not in such numbers, which is 
identical with that of the Southern States. The planters informed me 
that it was the latter and somewhat larger of these two larvie that does 
the greatest damage to cotton in Brazil. Up to the time of our depart- 
ure from Bonito there were but few of these caterpillars to be found. 
Having completed the work at Bonito as nearly as possible in the 
time at our disposal, we left that place on the 7th of February for Per- 
nambuco, on our way to Bahia, taking with us a collection of insects,. 
which we estimated at about 10,000 specimens. 
Between the time of our arrival in the city of Pernambuco and our de- 
parture, our time was occupied in arranging our collection for shipment 
to Washington, and in making preparation for further field work in the 
province of Bahia. 
We arrived at the city of Bahia March 11. As was to be expected, 
we learned that the cotton-growing part of the province of Bahia was. 
far inland, and that though this port formerly exported large quanti- 
ties of cotton, there is no export at present, and even the few cotton 
factories in the province are obliged to import their raw material fron: 
Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe. 
The Baron of Guahy, President of the Commercial Association, kindly 
furnished me with the official statistics of the exports of cotton from 
Bahia since 1862. These statistics show that the exports of cotton from 
Bahia fell from 7,000,000 kilograms in 1868 to nothing in 1880. 
' In the commercial reports of one of the leading daily papers of Bahia 
I noticed the following in regard to cotton, the paper bearing the date of 
March 14, 1883: 
Imports: Cotton, 863 bales from Alagoéas and Pernambuco, principally on aceount 
of different cotton factories. 
Under the head of exports it is remarked : 
Cotton : No exports from this province. 
Taking such facts into account, the great distance from Bahia to that 
part of the province in which a little cotton is grown for domestic pur- 
poses, the dearness of transportation to such places, and the shortness 
of the time at our disposal, I thought it best to abandon all thoughts 
of a trip into the interior. My decision was also strengthened by the 
