48 
the numbers occurring upon the individual, and somewhat upon the 
irritability.of the animal infested. This species much resembles the form 
occuring upon horses, but is somewhat shorter, and the abdomen tapers 
less towards the extremity; the dark bands across the abdomen are also 
more distinct. They are generally found in greatest abundance in the 
spring of the year, at which time adults and eggs are discovered in 
great numbers. Their development corresponds with the other species, 
and they are subject to the same methods of attack. 
They are very distinct from the suctorial species in appearance, and 
this difference is recognized by practical men, who speak of them as 
the ‘little red lice,” as contrasted with the “ blue lice,” and they recog- 
nize too the difference in the trouble caused by the two species. 
The application of kerosene emulsion or of tobacco decoction at sea- 
sons when this is practicable is effective, and we have found the proe- 
ess of fumigation described in the chapter on remedies to be effective, 
and this of course is applicable at all seasons of the year, even in cold 
weather, without danger to the animal. 
FAMILY LIOTHEIDA. 
LOUSE OF THE DOVE. 
(Menopon giganteum Denny.) 
This species of louse infesting doves is described by Denny ( Anop. 
Brit., 225, f. 2, pl. 21). It does not appear to have been commonly ob- 
served since that time. A species is described under the name of 
Menopon latum (Piaget, Les Pedic., 457), which is probably the same 
as Menopon giganteum. As the species is evidently not a very abun- 
dant one, and the habits and remedies for this species are very similar 
to those for the Menodon pallidum, it is not necessary to enter into de- 
tail as to treatment. According to Denny, it is of a yellowish brown 
color, shining, the head with a small brown patch on each side, the 
prothorax with a cruciform depression and the lateral margin reflected. 
THE COMMON HEN-LOUSE. 
(Menopon pallidum Nitzsch.) 
This species, probably the most abundant of all the lice infesting 
poultry, has been a familiar creature in the writings of entomologists 
and also in all the literature of poultry raising. 
It was evidently recognized by Redi (Exper., tab. 16, Fig. 1), who - 
figured it under the name of Pulex capi. Linnzeus described it as Ped- 
iculus galline (Syst. Nat., 1020, 32), and it is also mentioned by Panzer 
under the same name. Olfers described it under the name of Nirmus 
trigonocephalus, and Nitzsch, recognizing its true generic relations, gave 
it the name of Menopon pallidum. While Denny, Giebel, and Piaget 
