ioe) 
3 EN TOMOLOGY 
species (B) the mandible is usually long, slender and sharply 
toothed, without a molar surface. Often, as in soldier ants, 
Fic. 45. 
Various furms of mandibles. A, Melanoplus; B, Cicindela; C, Apis; D, Onthophagus; 
E, Chrysopa; F-I, soldier termites (after HacGen). 
the mandibles are used as piercing weapons; in bees (C’) they 
are used for various industrial purposes; in some beetles they 
Rte we. are large, grotesque in form and appa- 
rently purposeless. The mandibles of 
Onthophagus (D) and many other dung 
beetles consist chiefly of a flexible lam- 
ella, admirably adapted for its special 
purpose. In Euphoria (Vig. 261), which 
feeds on pollen and the juices of fruits, 
the mandibles, and the other mouth 
parts as well, are densely clothed with 
hairs. In the larva of Chrysopa, the 
inner face of the mandible (Fig. 45, £) 
has a longitudinal groove against which 
the mawnilla fits to form a canal, through 
which the blood of plant lice is sucked 
into the cesophagus. In termites (/—/) 
Maxilla of Harpalus Ae pe mf 
piliginosus; vedtral as. tne mandibles assume-curious and ‘otten 
Bethy G carte; £)-g2lea; . inexplicable forms. 
1, lacinia; p, palpus; pf, ; ; 
palpifer; s, stipes; sg, Next in order are the mazille, or 
subgalea. A ‘ : rc 
under jaws, which are less powerful 
than the mandibles and more complex, consisting as they 
do of several sclerites (Figs. 44, 46). Essentially, the 
