The 
ralized 
Phlegethontius 
a, antenna; c, clypeus; e, eye; /, labrum; 
m, mandible; p, 
moth, 
Head of a 
sexta. 
sphingid 
pilifer; pr, proboscis. 
is essentially like that of Diptera. 
at the skull and inserted on the 
wall of a pharyngeal bulb, serve 
to dilate the bulb that it may suck 
in fluids, while numerous circular 
muscles serve by contracting suc- 
cessively to squeeze the contents 
of the bulb back into the stomach ; 
a hypopharyngeal valve prevents 
their return forward. 
Diptera.—In the female mos- 
quito the mouth parts (Fig. 53) 
As Dim- 
mock has found, the labrum and 
are long and slender. 
epipharynx combine’ to form a 
sucking tube; the mandibles and 
maxillz are delicate, linear, pierc- 
ing organs, the latter being barbed 
distally; maxillary palpi are pres- 
*Kulagin, however, describes them as 
ENTOMOLOGY 
exceptional structure of the mouth parts in the gene- 
genus Eriocephala (Micropteryx) sheds much hght on 
the morphology of these 
organs in other Lepidop- 
tera, as Walter and Kel- 
loge In 
this genus there are func- 
tional the 
maxilla presents palpus, 
have shown. 
mandibles; 
galea, lacinia, stipes and 
cardo, though there 1s no 
proboscis; the labium has 
developed submen- 
tum, mentum and palpi; a 
well 
hypopharynx is present. 
The sucking apparatus, 
as described by burgess, 
Five muscles, originating 
Head of a butterfly, Vanessa. 
labial palpus; p, a, antenne; 7, 
proboscis. 
remaining separate. 
