44 ENTOMOLOGY 
aborted and the maxille slightly developed, but with long 
palpi, while the hypopharynx coalesces with the labium, and 
there is no cesophageal bulb. 
Hymenoptera.—In the honey bee, which will serve as a 
type, the labrum (Fig. 54) is simple; the mandibles are well 
developed instruments for cutting and other purposes and the 
Fic. 54. 
See 
od 
(ee 
fi 
Mouth parts of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. a, base of antenna; br, brain; c, 
clypeus; ft, hypopharynx; /, labrum; /p, labial palpus; m, mentum; mo, mouth; mx, 
maxilla; sm, submentum.—After CHESHIRE, 
remaining mouth parts form a highly complex suctorial appa- 
ratus, as follows. The tongue is a long flexible organ, ter- 
minating in a “spoon” (Fig. 127) and clothed with hairs of 
various kinds, for gathering nectar or for sensory or mechan- 
ical purposes. The manillze and labial palpi form a tube em- 
bracing the tongue, while the epipharynx fits into the space 
between the bases of the maxilla to complete this tube. 
Through this canal nectar is driven, by the expansion and con- 
traction of the tube itself, according to Cheshire, except that 
when only a small quantity of nectar is taken, this passes from 
the spoon into a fine ‘ 
oe 
side 
ducts,” which are specially fitted to convey quantities of fluid 
too small for the main tube. For a detailed account of the 
“central duct.’ or also into: the 
highly complex and exquisitely adapted mouth parts of the 
honey bee, the reader is referred to Cheshire’s admirable work 
or to Packard’s Text-Book. 
Segmentation of the Head.—The determination of the 
