fee ENTOMOLOGY 
male grasp the neck of the female, and the latter bends her 
abdomen forward until the tip reaches the peculiar copulatory 
apparatus of the male. 
Fic. 85. 
Genitalia of a moth, Samia cecropia. A, male; B, female; a, anus; c, c, claspers; 
0, opening of common oviduct; p, penis; s, uncus (the doubly hooked organ); wv, vesti- 
bule, into which the vagina opens. The numbers refer to abdominal segments. 
The claspers of the male consist of a single pair, variously 
formed. They are present in Ephemerida, Neuroptera, Tri- 
choptera, Lepidoptera (Fig. 85), Diptera and some Hymen- 
optera, though not in Coleoptera, and often afford good spe- 
cific characters, as in Odonata. In butterflies of the genus 
Terminal abdominal appendages of a dragon fly, Plathemis trimaculata. A, male; 
B, female. i, inferior appendage; s, s, superior appendages (cerci). The numbers 
refer to abdominal segments. 
Thanaos, the claspers are peculiar in being strongly asym- 
metrical. In Odonata (Fig. 86, 4) and Orthoptera (Fig. 
87, A) the cerci of the male often serve as claspers. 
